Science in the 19th Century Periodical

The Christian Observer [1st]

Introductory Essay
Volume 1  (January to December 1802)

Section: Miscellaneous Department

Subsection: V. Various

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 19–22.

Descent into the Crater of Mount Vesuvius

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A. T. T, A
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Genre:

Letter, Introduction; Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Philosophical Magazine Philosophical Magazine (1798–1832) London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine (1832–40) London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine (1840–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Vulcanology, Cultural Geography, Theology of Nature, Providence, Wonder, Feeling | Vulcanology, Heroism, Instruments, Observation, Chemistry, Mineralogy

People mentioned:

Lazzaro Spallanzani, Spallanzani, Lazzaro (1729–99) DSB
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Dieudonné de G de Dolomieu, Dolomieu, Dieudonné de Gratet de ('Déodat') (1750–1801) DSB
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John Moore, Moore, John (1729–1802) ODNB
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William Hamilton, Hamilton, Sir William (1731–1803) DSB ODNB
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François R Houdouart, Houdouart, François Robert (1761–1810) WBI
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René A F de Réaumur Réaumur, René-Antoine Ferchault de (1683–1757) DSB
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Publications cited:

Journal de Physique Journal de Physique Théoretique et appliquée (1872–1900+) BUCOP
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    The author introduces the extract with unfavourable comments on the vain and irreligious attitudes of the Frenchmen who made the descent. He observes: 'I would rather stand upon the brink of the crater, with my heart elevated and expanded by a view of the greatness of God's works [...] than with the mind and motives of a philosophist, cultivate science in the very jaws of destruction' (19).



Section: Literary Department

Subsection: II. Review of Reviews

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 33–35.

The Origin, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Importance of Literary Journals  [1/2]

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Anon

Genre:

Essay, Serial

Subjects:

Periodicals

Publications cited:

Journal des Sçavans Journal des Sçavans (1665–1792) Journal des Savans (1816–1900+) BUCOP
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Hutton 1795 Hutton, Charles 1795. A Mathematical and Philosophical Dictionary: Containing an Explanation of the Terms, and an Account of the Several Subjects, Comprized under the Heads Mathematics, Astronomy, and Philosophy both Natural and Experimental; with an Historical Account of the Rise, Progress, and Present State of these Sciences; also Memoirs of the Lives and Writings of the Most Eminent Authors, Both Ancient and Modern, who by their Discoveries or Improvements Have Contributed to the Advancement of them, 2 vols, London: J. Johnson and G. G. and J. Robinson
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    'For some time, the Royal Society Royal Society of London
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[...] published at the end of each number of the Philosophical Transactions Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1665–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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, an account of such books as related to objects of science. These transactions may therefore be considered a kind of philosophical journal; and, with the publications of other similar institutions, have frequently been classed among literary journals' (34).



Subsection: III. Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 35.

[Introduction]

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction

Subjects:

Amusement, Error


    An editorial introduction explains that this section of the journal will contain a collection of 'amusing and interesting details concerning Letters and Philosophy', including 'REPORTS OF NEW INVENTIONS, PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOVERIES, AND CURIOUS EXPERIMENTS; SKETCHES OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES, &C.' By careful searching of the principal literary and scientific journals, it is intended to give 'a brief but satisfactory view of the state and progress of Science and Letters throughout the civilized world'. It is noted that many articles, 'particularly those with respect to foreign science and literature' are to be 'inserted upon the authority of the works from which we extract them'. However, the note promises to take great pains in ascertaining the authenticity of articles of a 'suspicious or doubtful nature' appearing 'in our own prints and journals', and to acknowledge the subsequent discovery of any inauthentic articles.



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 35–37.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Notice, Reportage

Publications noticed:

Transactions of the Linnean Society Transactions of the Linnean Society (1791–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Rees ed. 18[02]–20, Rees, Abraham ed. 18[02]–20. The Cyclopaedia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, 45 vols, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown [and 26 others]
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Marsham 1802 Marsham, Thomas 1802. Entomologia Britannica: Sistens insecta Britanniae indigena, secundum methodum Linnaenam disposita. Tomus I. Coleoptera, London: J. White
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Subjects:

Periodicals | Encyclopaedias, Publishing, Religion | Instruments | Horticulture | Vaccination, Patronage | Mathematics, Heroism, Utility

People mentioned:

William Herschel, Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) DSB ODNB
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Edward Jenner, Jenner, Edward (1749–1823) DSB
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Isaac Newton Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Observatorio Real del Madrid Observatorio Real del Madrid
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    The author discusses at length Abraham Rees's Rees, Abraham (1743–1825) ODNB
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new edition of Ephraim Chambers's Chambers, Ephraim (1680?–1740) ODNB
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Cyclopædia Chambers, Ephraim 1728. Cyclopædia; or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: Containing the Definitions of the Terms, and Accounts of the Things Signify'd Thereby, in the Several Arts, Both Liberal and Mechanical, and the Several Sciences, Human and Divine, 2 vols, London: James and John Knapton [and 19 others]
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, the publication of which has just begun in parts. A long extract from the prospectus or preface discusses the encyclopaedia's arrangement of the sciences in comparison with that used by the Encyclopédie. Considers that 'readers are much more likely to be preserved from error, and instructed and confirmed in religious truth, by the Encyclopaedia Britannica [Macfarquhar, Colin] and [Gleig, George] eds 1797. Encyclopædia Britannica; or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature: Constructed on a Plan, by Which the Different Sciences and Arts are Digested into the Form of Distinct Treatises or Systems, Comprehending the History, Theory, and Practice, of Each, According to the Latest Discoveries and Improvements ... Compiled from the Writings of the Best Authors, in Several Languages, the Most Approved Dictionaries, as well of General Science as of its Particular Branches, the Transactions, Journals, and Memoirs, of Learned Societies, both at Home and Abroad, the MS. Lectures of Eminent Professors on Different Sciences, and a Variety of Original Materials, Furnished by an Extensive Correspondence, 3rd edn, 18 vols, Edinburgh: A. Bell and C. Macfarquhar
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, than by the present undertaking, if this edition be conducted upon the plan and principles of the former', but continues: 'We speak not of the scientific parts of the Cyclopædia, which are certainly executed in the former edition with great ability' (36–37).



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 37–42.

France

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage; Proceedings



[1 General]

Subjects:

Horticulture, Breeding, Education | Anatomy, Museums | Monographs, Mineralogy | Menageries, Acclimatization | Astronomy, Societies, Internationalism | Encyclopaedias

People mentioned:

Jacques F A Menou, Menou, Jacques François Abdallah, baron de Boussay (1750–1810) WBI
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Joseph J L de Lalande, Lalande, Joseph-Jérôme Lefrançais de (1732–1807) DSB
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Alexis Bouvard, Bouvard, Alexis (1767–1843) DSB
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Joseph Banks, Banks, Sir Joseph (1743–1820) DSB ODNB
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Pierre A Latreille Latreille, Pierre-André (1762–1833) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Muséum D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris
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Institut Nationale, Paris Institut Nationale, Paris
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Publications cited:

Journal des Sçavans, Journal des Sçavans (1665–1792) Journal des Savans (1816–1900+) BUCOP
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Journal des Mines Journal des Mines (1801–15) Annales des Mines (1816–1900+) BUCOP
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[Dolomieu 1801], Dolomieu, Dieudonné de Gratet de 1801. Sur la philosophie minéralogique et sur l'espèce minéralogique, Paris: Bessange, Massonet, Besson
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Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle: Nouveau dictionnaire d'historie naturelle, appliquée aux arts, principalement a l'agriculture et à l'économie rurale et domestique, par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs, 24 vols, Paris: Deterville, 1803–04
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[2 The Lyceum Lycée des Arts et Métiers, Paris
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. Translated from Various Numbers of the Clef du Cabinet Clef du Cabinet des Souverains (1797–1805) BUCOP
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]

Subjects:

Education, Class, Gender, Chemistry, Natural History

People mentioned:

Antoine F de Fourcroy, Fourcroy, Antoine François de (1755–1809) DSB
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Georges Cuvier Cuvier, Georges (1769–1832) DSB
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[3] National Institute Institut Nationale, Paris
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. Sitting of Jan. 5th, 1802

Subjects:

Mathematics, Metrology, Chemistry

People mentioned:

Joseph Banks, Banks, Sir Joseph (1743–1820) DSB ODNB
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Jean-Baptiste J Delambre, Delambre, Jean-Baptiste Joseph (1749–1822) DSB
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Jacques A J Cousin, Cousin, Jacques Antoine Joseph (1739–1800) WBI
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Gaspard F C M R de Prony, Prony, Gaspard-François-Clair-Marie Riche de (1755–1839) DSB
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Claude L Berthollet, Berthollet, Claude Louis (1748–1822) DSB
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Louis B Guyton de Morveau Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard (1737–1816) DSB
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 43.

Prussia

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Astronomy, Discovery, Nationalism


    The writer reports on Johann E Bode's Bode, Johann Elert (1747–1826) DSB
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theory of a new planet intermediate between Mars and Jupiter, and Giuseppe Piazzi's Piazzi, Giuseppe (1746–1826) DSB
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support for that theory. In discussing the naming of the planet the writer observes: 'We have seen that the name which Herschel Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) DSB ODNB
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, from respect to our gracious Sovereign, applied to his great discovery, has not been adopted by the astronomers of the Continent'.



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 44.

Denmark

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Vaccination, Government


Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 44.

Russia

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Astronomy, Instruments, Societies, Patronage


    The writer reports on the progress of the manufacture of 'a twenty-feet Herschelian reflecting telescope', made by William Herschel Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) DSB ODNB
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for the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg
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, 'partly with his own hand, and partly under his inspection'.



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 44–50.

IV. List of New Publications

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Anon

Genre:

List

Subjects:

Textbooks, Astronomy, Chemistry, Mathematics, Amusement, Medical Treatment, Disease, Education, Natural History, Monographs, Natural Philosophy, Political Economy


Section: Historical Department

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 78–80.

V. Obituary

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Anon

Genre:

Obituaries

Subjects:

Medical Practitioners

People mentioned:

John Rush, Rush, John (d. 1825/6) CO1/1/1c/10
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Henry Cline Cline, Henry (1750–1827) ODNB
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Section: Literary Department

Subsection: III. Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 121–25.

Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage, Literary Gossip; Abstract, Paper

Publications abstracted:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1665–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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[1 General]

Subjects:

Publishing

People mentioned:

William Nicholson, Nicholson, William (1753–1815) DSB
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Samuel Vince Vince, Samuel (1749–1821) ODNB
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Publications cited:

Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts (1797–1813) Waterloo Directory
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Boardman 1805, Boardman, Thomas 1805. A Dictionary of the Veterinary Art: Containing All the Modern Improvements, London: George Kearsley
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Pinkerton 1802, Pinkerton, John 1802. Modern Geography: A Description of the Empires, Kingdoms, States, and Colonies, with the Oceans, Seas, and Isles, in all Parts of the World: Including the Most Recent Discoveries, and Political Alterations, Digested on a New Plan; the Astronomical Introduction by S. Vince, 2 vols, London: T. Cadell and W. Davies, and T. N. Longman and O. Rees
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Sauer 1802 Sauer, Martin 1802. An Account of a Geographical and Astronomical Expedition to the Northern Parts of Russia: For Ascertaining the Degrees of Latitude and Longitude of the Mouth of the River Kovima; of the Whole Coast of the Tshutski, to East Cape; and of the Islands in the Eastern Ocean, Stretching to the American Coast. Performed, By Command of Her Imperial Majesty Catherine the Second, Empress of all the Russias, By Commodore Joseph Billings, in the Years 1785, &c. to 1794. The Whole Narrated from the Original Papers, London: T. Cadell, Jun. and W. Davies
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    The writer records that 'Mr. BLAIR Blair, William (1766–1822) ODNB
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, of Great Russell Street, has circulated proposals for publishing an Entire System of Medical and Operative Surgery; comprising the latest Improvements in the Theory and Practice' , giving details of subscription (121).



[2] Royal Society

Subjects:

Physiology, Neurology | Anatomy, Light | Mathematics | Chemistry | Monstrosities | Natural History, Comparative Anatomy | Mining, Mineralogy | Natural History | Mineralogy | Chemistry

People mentioned:

Everard Home, Home, Sir Everard, 1st Baronet (1756–1832) DSB ODNB
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Thomas Young, Young, Thomas (1773–1829) DSB
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Robert Woodhouse, Woodhouse, Robert (1773–1827) DSB
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Samuel Vince, Vince, Samuel (1749–1821) ODNB
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Richard Walker, Walker, Richard (fl. 1801) CO1/1/2ai/1b
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Henry Cavendish, Cavendish, Henry (1731–1810) DSB
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Johann T Lovits, Lovits (Lowitz), Johann Tobias (1757–1804) DSB
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Anthony Carlisle, Carlisle, Sir Anthony (1768–1840) DSB ODNB
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Joseph Banks, Banks, Sir Joseph (1743–1820) DSB ODNB
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Honoratus L Thomas, Thomas, Honoratus Leigh (1769–1846) ODNB
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George Fordyce, Fordyce, George (1736–1802) ODNB
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Joseph Planta, Planta, Joseph (1787–1847) ODNB
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Charles Combe, Combe, Charles (b. 1775/6) Foster 1888
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Jacques L, comte de Bournon, Bournon, Jacques-Louis, comte de (1751–1825) DSB
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Richard Chevenix Chevenix, Richard (Esq, MRIA) (fl. 1801) CO1/1/2ai/1b
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 125–26.

France

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Astronomy, Discovery | Electricity | Exploration, Publishing

People mentioned:

Giuseppe Piazzi, Piazzi, Giuseppe (1746–1826) DSB
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Franz X von Zach, Zach, Franz Xaver von (1754–1832) DSB
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Joseph J L de Lalande, Lalande, Joseph-Jérôme Lefrançais de (1732–1807) DSB
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Pierre F A Méchain, Méchain, Pierre-François-André (1744–1804) DSB
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Alessandro G A A Volta, Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio (1745–1827) DSB
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Nevil Maskelyne, Maskelyne, Nevil (1732–1811) DSB
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William Herschel, Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) DSB ODNB
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Joseph Priestley, Priestley, Joseph (1733–1804) DSB
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Jacques F A Menou Menou, Jacques François Abdallah, baron de Boussay (1750–1810) WBI
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Institutions mentioned:

Institut Nationale, Paris Institut Nationale, Paris
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    The writer reports that Jean A Chaptal Chaptal, Jean Antoine (1756–1832) DSB
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has presented a report to the Consuls 'containing the project of a MAGNIFICENT WORK UPON EGYPT, to be formed from the materials collected during the expedition to that country'. The proposed contents of the work are reported in detail. (126)



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 126.

Germany

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage, Literary Gossip

Subjects:

Publishing


    'A Bookseller of Brunswick proposes to publish the interesting correspondence of GEORGE FORSTER Forster, Georg Adam (Johann Georg Adam) (1754–94) DSB
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, with many of the most distinguished naturalists in Europe'.



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 127.

Prussia

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Chemistry, Manufactories | Electricity

People mentioned:

Franz K Achard, Achard, Franz Karl (1753–1821) DSB
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Martin H Klaproth, Klaproth, Martin Heinrich (1743–1817) DSB
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Alessandro G A A Volta Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio (1745–1827) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaft, Berlin Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaft, Berlin
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Publications cited:

Transactions of the Society, Instituted at London, for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce Transactions of the Society, Instituted at London, for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (1783–1850) BUCOP
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 127.

America

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Museums, Collecting, Extinction

Publications cited:

Clef du Cabinet Clef du Cabinet des Souverains (1797–1805) BUCOP
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    The writer reports that the proprietor of the Philadelphia Museum Philadelphia Museum
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has collected, from 'the interior', bones constituting the entire skeleton of the Mammoth, 'a species which seems to have perished, but the existence of which has been supposed from some discoveries made in the North'.



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 127.

Italy

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Medical Treatment | Chemistry

People mentioned:

Valeriano L Brera, Brera, Valeriano Luigi (b. 1772) WBI
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Johann T Lovits, Lovits (Lowitz), Johann Tobias (1757–1804) DSB
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Girolamo Cavezzali Cavezzali, Girolamo (1755–1830) WBI
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 128.

IV. List of New Publications  [1/2]Anon, 'List of New Publications', Christian Observer, 1 (1802), 328

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Anon

Genre:

List, Serial

Subjects:

Anatomy, Electricity, Horticulture, Natural History, Astronomy, Mineralogy, Mathematics


Section: Historical Department

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 135–37.

III. Chronicle of Foreign Occurrences

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Phrenology, Lecturing, Gender, Government, Religion, Morality


    The report reprints a decree transmitted to Franz J Gall Gall, Franz Joseph (1758–1828) DSB
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by the 'Territorial Government of Lower Austria' commanding him to desist from giving phrenological lectures to mixed audiences at his house, on the grounds that his theory appears 'contrary to the first principles of religion and morality'. A further note records that Gall has been 'permitted to proceed in his Lectures on Skulls, but only to foreigners, and excluding women'. (136)



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Section: Miscellaneous Department

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 165–68.

[The Nature and Cure of the Dry Rot]

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Vimand Vimand
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Botany, Chemistry


Section: Literary Department

Subsection: III. Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 185–89.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage, Literary Gossip; Abstract, Paper

Publications abstracted:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1665–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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[1 General]

Subjects:

Astronomy, Mathematics, Botany | Human Species, Reason | Invention, Cultural Geography | Chemistry, Discovery | Horticulture | Steam-power, Transport, Invention | Vaccination, Discovery, Patronage, Government | Electricity

People mentioned:

William Woodville, Woodville, William (1752–1805) ODNB
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Edward Jenner, Jenner, Edward (1749–1823) DSB
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Benjamin Franklin, Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90) DSB
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Luigi Galvani, Galvani, Luigi (1737–98) DSB
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Alessandro G A A Volta, Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio (1745–1827) DSB
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Humphry Davy, Davy, Sir Humphry, Baronet (1778–1829) DSB ODNB
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William H Wollaston, Wollaston, William Hyde (1766–1828) DSB
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Johann B Trommsdorff Trommsdorff, Johann Bartholomäus (1770–1837) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

University of Cambridge—Press, University of Cambridge—Press
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Askesian Society Askesian Society
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Publications cited:

Itard 1802 Itard, Jean E. Marie Gaspard 1802. An Historical Account of the Discovery and Education of a Savage Man, or of the First Developments, Physical and Moral, of the Young Savage Caught in the Woods Near Aveyron, in the Year 1798, London: Richard Phillips
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    A notice on the progress of stereotype printing begins with the assertion that it is 'an English invention', before discussing its adoption in Paris by Firmin Didot Didot, Firmin (1764–1836) CBD
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. It is viewed as likely to become 'one of the most considerable improvements connected with Literature, which has been made since the invention of moveable types'. (185) The practices of stereotyping and its important commercial implications are discussed. A notice records that 'Messrs. Lancliffe and W. Hawkes jun.
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of Newcastle upon Tyne' have achieved a heat of unparalleled intensity by the combustion of oxygen and hydrogen gas using a blowpipe.



[2] Royal Society

Subjects:

Natural History | Astronomy, Light, Heat, Instruments, Observation, Theory | Botany, Physiology, Anatomy, Theology of Nature, Wonder, Feeling, Microscopy, Cell Biology

People mentioned:

Karl F A von Schreibers, Schreibers, Karl (or Carl) Franz Anton von (1775–1852) DSB
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Joseph Banks, Banks, Sir Joseph (1743–1820) DSB ODNB
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William Herschel, Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) DSB ODNB
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Everard Home, Home, Sir Everard, 1st Baronet (1756–1832) DSB ODNB
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Thomas A Knight Knight, Thomas Andrew (1759–1838) ODNB
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 189–90.

France

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Societies, Government, Publishing | Societies, Government, Patronage | Patronage, Industry, Horticulture | Gas Chemistry, Physiology | Medical Treatment, Measurement

People mentioned:

Jean A Chaptal, Chaptal, Jean Antoine (1756–1832) DSB
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Louis B Guyton de Morveau Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard (1737–1816) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Institut Nationale, Paris, Institut Nationale, Paris
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Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale, Paris Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale, Paris
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 190–91.

Italy

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Vaccination

People mentioned:

Edward Jenner Jenner, Edward (1749–1823) DSB
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 191.

Germany

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Phrenology, Lecturing, Government


    An account of Franz J Gall Gall, Franz Joseph (1758–1828) DSB
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's doctrines is given in a translated extract from the Clef du Cabinet Clef du Cabinet des Souverains (1797–1805) BUCOP
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.


See also:

Anon, 'III. Chronicle of Foreign Occurrences', Christian Observer, 1 (1802), 135–37


Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 192.

Holland

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Natural History | Electricity

People mentioned:

Martin van Marum, Marum, Martin (Martinus) van (1750–1837) DSB
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Christoph H Pfaff Pfaff, Christoph Heinrich (1773–1852) WBI
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 192.

Spain

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage, Literary Gossip

Subjects:

Botany, Exploration, Publishing

Publications cited:

Ruiz and Pavón y Jiménez 1798–1802 Ruiz, Hipólito and Pavón y Jiménez, José Antonio 1798–1802. Flora Peruviana, et Chilensis, wive descriptiones, et icones plantarum Peruvianarum, et Chilensium, secundum systema Linnaeanum digestae, cum characteribus plurium generum evulgatorum reformatis, 4 vols, [Madrid]: Typis Gabrielis de Sancha
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Section: Literary Department

Subsection: III. Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 257–58.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage; Literary Notice; Paper, Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Rumford 1802a, Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count von 1802a. 'Observations Relative to the Means of Increasing the Quantities of Heat Obtained in the Combustion of Fuel', Journal of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, 1, 28–33
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Rumford 1802b, Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count von 1802b. 'On the Use of Steam as a Vehicle for Conveying Heat from one Place to Another', Journal of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, 1, 34–45
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Cruikshank 1802, Cruikshank, John 1802. 'Observations in Answer to Dr. Priestley's Memoir in Defence of the Doctrine of Phlogiston', Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts, 2, 42–47
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Priestley 1802a, Priestley, Joseph 1802a. 'A Reply to Mr. Cruikshank's Observations in Defence of the New System of Chemistry', Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts, 1, 181–84
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Priestley 1802b Priestley, Joseph 1802b. ''Observations and Experiments Relating to the Pile of Volta', Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts, 1, 198–204
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Publications noticed:

Haslam 1817, Haslam, John 1817. Considerations on the Moral Management of Insane Persons, London: R. Hunter
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Annals of Philosophy, Natural History, Chemistry, Literature, Agriculture, and the Mechanical and Fine Arts Annals of Philosophy, Natural History, Chemistry, Literature, Agriculture, and the Mechanical and Fine Arts (1801–05) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Hospitals, Periodicals, Heat, Chemistry, Controversy, Electricity, Neurology

People mentioned:

Thomas Garnett, Garnett, Thomas (1766–1802) ODNB
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Alessandro G A A Volta Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio (1745–1827) DSB
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Section: Historical Department

Subsection: I. State and Progress of Religion

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 265–68.

England

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Religion, Scientific Practitioners


    Discussing measures brought before the House of Commons House of Commons
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concerning restrictions on the clergy, considers at length the 'evil of non-residence' (266). Observes: 'We cannot concur with some individuals in regarding the promotion of science, or the gratification of curiosity, as grounds on which a parish priest can be vindicated in neglecting the most important of all human duties, the care of the souls of his parishioners [...]. The neglect of those interests, no degree of literary or philosophical attainments can compensate'. Such pursuits are nevertheless accorded 'their due commendation, and to those who engage in them, our due tribute of respect as public benefactors' (267).



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 280.

To Correspondents

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Anon

Genre:

Editorial Reply

Subjects:

Religion


    'We have received Letters from different Correspondents recommending, a complete separation of the religious from the merely miscellaneous Articles. One of them observes, that Vimand's Essay on the Dry Rot, inserted in our last Number, though excellent in itself, appears in its present situation "like a receipt for a Custard in a Volume of Sermons." Our Readers will see that we have attended to these suggestions in the arrangement of the present Number.'


See also:

Vimand, '[The Nature and Cure of the Dry Rot]', Christian Observer, 1 (1802), 165–68


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Section: Religious Communications

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 291–94.

Reply to Mr. Hume Hume, David (1711–76) DSB
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's Argument Against Miracles

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O. U. I. I, O U
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Genre:

Essay

Subjects:

Supernaturalism, Observation, Error, Cultural Geography, Electricity, Chemistry, Theology of Nature, Natural Law, Expertise


    The writer argues that experience is not a proper test of credibility, since it is 'in the highest degree fluctuating and uncertain, nay, the term itself is scarcely intelligible, unless in combination with some person, age, or country, to which it refers' (291). Examples are given of natural phenomena observable only in certain parts of the world, or observed only at certain periods, like the phenomena of electricity, most of which were not observed before the previous century. A natural philosopher, it is argued, might be justified in withholding assent to the evidence on which the discovery of new physical qualities is based, but not if the evidence was such as had 'never deceived him in any other instance', however extraordinary the thing observed might be. This is not, the writer continues, an uncommon experience: 'The science of chemistry exhibits many appearances little less revolting to an uninformed mind than Miracles themselves'. Consideration is given to the objection to this argument based on the disanalogy of physical facts and miraculous phenomena. Reasoning upon 'theistical principles', it is claimed, 'Miracles are, in reality, no farther improbable in themselves than as they are unusual; in other words, there is no antecedent presumption arising from the nature of the Godhead, or the constitution of things established in the present world, which should lead us to think it unlikely that the Almighty [...] may suspend the operation of his own established laws'. Miracles require divine omnipotence no more than do the 'common operations of nature', and should consequently be judged on the same basis. (292) The biblical miracles were properly objects of observation 'to ordinary men': 'They were not like the result of many philosophical experiments, which require a scientific eye to remark, and a scientific pen to report them' (293).



Section: III. Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 324–25.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Abstract, Paper

Publications abstracted:

William H Wollaston Wollaston, William Hyde (1766–1828) DSB
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, Astley P Cooper Cooper, Sir Astley Paston, 1st Baronet (1768–1841) ODNB
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, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1665–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Chemistry, Electricity | Physiology, Medical Treatment

People mentioned:

Alessandro G A A Volta Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio (1745–1827) DSB
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 325–26.

France

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Anon

Genre:

Abstract; Literary Gossip, Reportage

Publications abstracted:

Dominique Villars Villars, Dominique (1745–1814) WBI
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Huber and Senebier 1801 Huber, François and Senebier, Jean 1801. Mémoires sur l'influence de l'air et de diverses substances gazeuses dans la germination de différentes graines, Geneva: J. J. Paschoud
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Subjects:

Measurement, Physical Geography | Authorship, Patronage | Horticulture | Botany, Physiology, Gas Chemistry

People mentioned:

Hippocrates of Cos Hippocrates of Cos (460–370 BC) DSB
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Publications cited:

Bulletin des Sciences, [Nouveau] Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique de Paris (1791–1833) Extrait des Procès-Verbaux des Séances, Société Philomathique de Paris (1836–63) Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (1864–1900+) BUCOP
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Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts (1797–1813) Waterloo Directory
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 326.

Spain

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Anon

Genre:

Abstract; Literary Gossip; Reportage

Publications abstracted:

Joseph L Proust Proust, Joseph Louis (1754–1826) DSB
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Subjects:

Chemistry, Nutrition | Natural History, Exploration, Publishing | Observatories, Instruments

People mentioned:

Per Löfling, Löfling, Per (1729–56) WBI
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Antonio J Cavanilles, Cavanilles, Antonio José (1745–1804) DSB
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William Herschel Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) DSB ODNB
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Institutions mentioned:

Observatorio Real de Cadiz Observatorio Real de Cadiz
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Publications cited:

Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts (1797–1813) Waterloo Directory
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 326–27.

Italy

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Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Giovacchino Carradori Carradori, Giovacchino (1758–1818) WBI
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, Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts (1797–1813) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Botany, Physiology, Gas Chemistry


Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 327.

Germany

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage; Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Jean A Deluc Deluc, Jean André (1727–1817) DSB
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, Berlinische Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde Neue Schriften Berlinische Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde Neue Schriften (1794–1803) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Electricity, Electrochemistry | Light

People mentioned:

Alessandro G A A Volta Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio (1745–1827) DSB
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Publications cited:

Philosophical Magazine Philosophical Magazine (1798–1832) London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine (1832–40) London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine (1840–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 327.

Russia

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Astronomy, Observatories, Instruments

Institutions mentioned:

Imperial Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg—Observatory Imperial Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg—Observatory
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 327.

Sweden

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Government, Patronage, Education, Museums, Astronomy, Observatories

People mentioned:

King Gustav IV Adolf, Gustav IV Adolf, King of Sweden (1778–1837) CBD
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Fredrik Hasselquist, Hasselquist (or Hasselqvist), Fredrik (1722–52) WBI
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Daniel C Solander Solander, Daniel Carl (1733–82) DSB
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Publications cited:

Maupertuis 1738 Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de 1738. La figure de la terre: determinée par les observations de messieurs De Maupertuis, Clairaut, Camus, Le Monnier, de l'Académie royale des sciences, & de M. l'abbé Outhier, correspondant de la même académie, accompagnés de M. Celsius, professeur d'astronomie à Upsal: faites par ordre du roi au cercle polaire, Amsterdam: Jean Catuffe
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 328.

List of New Publications  [2/2]Anon, 'IV. List of New Publications', Christian Observer, 1 (1802), 128

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Anon

Genre:

List, Serial

Subjects:

Exploration


Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 343–44.

Answer to Correspondents

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Anon

Genre:

Editorial Reply

Subjects:

Vaccination

People mentioned:

Edward Jenner Jenner, Edward (1749–1823) DSB
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    Replies to a letter from 'A Friend to Humanity' Friend to Humanity, A
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pointing out mistakes in the Christian Observer Christian Observer (1802–77) Waterloo Directory
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on the subject.


See also:

Anon, 'Great Britain', Christian Observer, 1 (1802), 35–37, Anon, 'Denmark', Christian Observer, 1 (1802), 44


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Section: Miscellaneous

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 358–60.

Proposal for a Further Voyage to Discover the North-West Passage from the Altantic to the Pacific Ocean

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Anglicanus Anglicanus
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Exploration, Hydrography, Commerce, Government, Patronage, Discovery

People mentioned:

Martin Frobisher, Frobisher, Sir Martin (1535?–94) ODNB
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Henry Hudson, Hudson, Henry (c. 1550–1611) ODNB CBD
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Constantine J Phipps (Baron Mulgrave), Phipps, Constantine John, 2nd Baron Mulgrave in the peerage of Ireland and Baron Mulgrave in the peerage of Great Britain (1744–92) ODNB
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James Cook, Cook, James (1728–79) DSB
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John Meares, Meares, John (1756?–1809) ODNB
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Francis Drake, Drake, Sir Francis (1540–96) ODNB
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Benjamin Franklin, Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90) DSB
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Lorenzo de Maldonada Maldonada, Lorenzo de (fl. 1598) CO1/6a/1
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Institutions mentioned:

Princess Royal, ship, Princess Royal, ship
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Académie des Sciences, Paris, Académie des Sciences, Paris
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Messrs Meares, Etches, and Company Meares, Etches, and Company (Messrs), firm
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    The author reviews attempts to find a north-west passage, before proposing that the Admiralty Admiralty
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and the merchant navy should make a concerted effort from the two coasts of North America. The comments are, according to the writer, informed by several conversations with Mr Wilby Wilby, Mr (fl. 1802) CO1/6a/1
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, who was one of those who accompanied John Meares Meares, John (1756?–1809) ODNB
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on his voyage of 1786.



Section: Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 392–94.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Notice; Reportage; Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Thomas Pownall Pownall, Thomas (1722–1805) ODNB
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, Philosophical Magazine Philosophical Magazine (1798–1832) London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine (1832–40) London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine (1840–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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, Humphry Davy Davy, Sir Humphry, Baronet (1778–1829) DSB ODNB
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, Journal of the Royal Institution of Great Britain Journal of the Royal Institution of Great Britain (1800–03) BUCOP
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Publications noticed:

Hutton, Shaw and Pearson eds. 1809 Hutton Charles, Shaw, George, and Pearson, Richard, eds 1809. The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from their Commencement, in 1665, to the year 1800: Abridged, with Notes and Biographical Illustrations, 18 vols, London: C. and R. Baldwin
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Subjects:

Periodicals | Death, Statistics | Surgery | Vaccination | Light | Gas Chemistry | Nationalism, Mineralogy, Societies | Astronomy, Discovery, Observation

People mentioned:

Robert Hamilton, Hamilton, Robert (1749–1830) ODNB
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Isaac Newton, Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) DSB
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Giuseppe Piazzi, Piazzi, Giuseppe (1746–1826) DSB
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Heinrich W M Olbers, Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias (1758–1840) DSB
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William Herschel Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) DSB ODNB
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Institutions mentioned:

Bloomsbury Dispensary, Bloomsbury Dispensary
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British Mineralogical Society British Mineralogical Society
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 394–95.

France

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Lalande 1801 Lalande, Jérôme de 1801. Histoire céleste Française, contenant les observations faites par plusiers astronomes Français, Paris: l'Imprimerie de la République
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Publications noticed:

Georg, Freiherr von Vega Vega, Georg Freiherr von (1754–1802) WBI
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Callet 1795 Callet, François 1795. Table of the Logarithms of Sines and Tangents, for Every Second, of the First Five Degrees, and of the Sines, Cosines, Tangents and Cotangents for Every Ten Seconds of the Quadrant, Paris: Firmin Didot
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Subjects:

Discovery, Invention, Astronomy | Mathematics | Naturalists

People mentioned:

Joseph J L de Lalande, Lalande, Joseph-Jérôme Lefrançais de (1732–1807) DSB
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Joseph Priestley, Priestley, Joseph (1733–1804) DSB
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William Herschel, Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) DSB ODNB
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Pytor S Pallas Pallas, Pytor Simon (1741–1811) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Institut Nationale, Paris Institut Nationale, Paris
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 395.

Spain

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Medical Treatment


    Reports that 'The vaccine inoculation gains ground in this country; above 7000 persons [...] were inoculated in Catolonia, [...] the inoculation has been attended with complete success' (395).



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 395.

Germany

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage

Subjects:

Periodicals, Botany

Publications cited:

Journal für die Botanik Journal für die Botanik (1799–1803) Neues Journal für die Botanik (1806–10) BUCOP
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    Notes that 'Dr Schrader Schrader, Heinrich Adolf (1767–1836) WBI
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, of Gottingen, has begun a journal in Latin and German, appropriated to the most important discoveries in the science of vegetables' (395).



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 395.

Turkey

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Medical Treatment, Medical Practitioners, Disease

People mentioned:

Dr Hesse, Hesse, Dr (mentioned 1802) CO1/1/6b/6
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Dr Scott, Scott, Dr (mentioned 1802) CO1/1/6b/6
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Dr Pezzoni Pezzoni, Dr (mentioned 1802) CO1/1/6b/6
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    Reports that 'The vaccine inoculation has found its way even into Turkey [...] the ideas of predestination entertained by the Turks, and which have prevented them from adopting the inoculation of the small-pox [...] have given way in favour of the vaccine' (395).



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 395–96.

South America

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage; Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Alexander von Humboldt Humboldt, Alexander von (Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von) (1769–1859) DSB
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, Bulletin des Sciences [Nouveau] Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique de Paris (1791–1833) Extrait des Procès-Verbaux des Séances, Société Philomathique de Paris (1836–63) Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (1864–1900+) BUCOP
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, Nicolas L Vauquelin Vauquelin, Nicolas Louis (1763–1829) DSB
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, Bulletin des Sciences [Nouveau] Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique de Paris (1791–1833) Extrait des Procès-Verbaux des Séances, Société Philomathique de Paris (1836–63) Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (1864–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Medical Treatment | Geography, Natural History, Navigation | Ethnology, Chemistry

People mentioned:

Benjamin Thompson (Count von Rumford), Thompson, Sir Benjamin, Count von Rumford (1753–1814) ODNB
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Benjamin Franklin Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90) DSB
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Publications cited:

Philosophical Magazine Philosophical Magazine (1798–1832) London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine (1832–40) London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine (1840–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 396–97.

List of New Publications

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Anon

Genre:

List

Subjects:

Mapping, Exploration


Section: View of Public Affairs

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 399.

Germany

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage, Gossip

Subjects:

Anatomy, Lectures, Politics,


    Reports that 'An unusual degree of jealous vigilance, seems to be exercised at Vienna, over the books which are published or imported, as well as the lectures which are delivered at that city. A spy attends the course of each professor. None but strangers are permitted to be present at Mr. Gall's Gall, Franz Joseph (1758–1828) DSB
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lectures on Sculls [sic]' (399).



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Section: Religious Communications

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 427–28.

Extracts from the Common-Place Book of a Country Clergyman  [6/8]

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Anon

Genre:

Serial

Subjects:

Feeling, Temperance

People mentioned:

William Paley Paley, William (1743–1805) DSB
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Publications cited:

Paley 1794 Paley, William 1794. A View of the Evidences of Christianity, London: R. Faulder
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    In discussing whether it is improper to express emotion or elation of spirits, asks, 'Why may not the Christian be allowed his eureka as well as Archimedes Archimedes (c. 287–212 BC) DSB
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?' (428).



Section: Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 453–57.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Transactions of the Society, Instituted at London, for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce Transactions of the Society, Instituted at London, for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (1783–1850) BUCOP
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Publications noticed:

Paley 1802 Paley, William 1802. Natural Theology; or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity: Collected from the Appearances of Nature, [London]: R. Faulder
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Subjects:

Natural Theology | Invention, Technology | Agriculture, Chemistry, Technology, Hospitals

People mentioned:

Samuel Bentham, Bentham, Samuel (1757–1831) WBI
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George O Paul Paul, Sir George Onesiphorus, 2nd Baronet (1746–1820) WBI
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    Describes the recently invented 'Floating Water Mill' which is 'stationed upon the Thames, between Blackfriars and London Bridges' (454). Lists the contents of volume nineteen of the Transactions of the Society of Arts.



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 457.

France

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip, Reportage

Subjects:

Astronomy, Navigation

People mentioned:

Joseph J L de Lalande Lalande, Joseph-Jérôme Lefrançais de (1732–1807) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Bureau des Longitude, Paris Bureau des Longitude, Paris
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 457–58.

Italy

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage

Subjects:

Libraries, Ancient Authorities, Publishing


    States that 'Mr Haiter Haiter, Mr (Librarian to the Prince of Wales) (fl. 1802) CO1/1/7b/3
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, Librarian to the Prince of Wales George IV, King of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover (1762–1830) ODNB
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, is employed at Palermo, in unfolding the Papyrus volumes found in Herculaneum Herculaneum
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. He has discovered the Treatise of EPICURUS Epicurus (341–270 BC) DSB
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on the Nature of Things, which has been hitherto known only as the basis of the Poem of Lucretius Lucretius (c. 95–c. 55 BC) DSB
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. This undertaking is at the expense of his Royal Highness. Ten persons are employed under Mr. Haiter, in unfolding MSS.' (457)



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 458–59.

List of New Publications

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Anon

Genre:

List

Subjects:

Mapping, Exploration, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Disease

People mentioned:

Francis Bacon (1st Viscount St Alban), Bacon, Francis, 1st Viscount St Alban (1561–1626) DSB ODNB
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Benjamin Thompson (Count von Rumford), Thompson, Sir Benjamin, Count von Rumford (1753–1814) ODNB
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Humphry Davy, Davy, Sir Humphry, Baronet (1778–1829) DSB ODNB
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L B Guyton de Morveau, Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard (1737–1816) DSB
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William Heberden Heberden, William, the elder (1710–1801) ODNB
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Publications cited:

Bacon 1620, Bacon, Francis 1620. Instauratio magna, London: Joannem Billium typographum regium
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Rumford 1802c, Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count von 1802c. Philosophical Papers; Being a Collection of Memoirs, Dissertations, and Experimental Investigations, Relating to Various Branches of Natural Philosophy and Mechanics, Vol. 1, London: T.Cadell Jun. & W.Davies
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Davy 1802, Davy, Humphry 1802. A Discourse Introductory to a Course of Lectures on Chemistry, Delivered in the Theatre of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, on the 21st of January, 1802, London: Royal Institution
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Guyton de Morveau 1802, Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard 1802. A Treatise on the Means of Purifying Infected Air, of Preventing Contagion, and Arresting its Progress, trans. by Robert Hall, London: T. Hurst
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Heberden1802 Heberden, William 1802. Commentaries on the History and Cure of Diseases, London: T. Payne
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Section: View of Public Affairs

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 465.

Netherlands

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Disease, Epidemiology


    Reports that 'An epidemic putrid fever' continues to ravage Brussels. States: 'According to the opinion of the physicians, this fever is marked by some pestilential characteristics, and they are not yet able to class it amongst the known maladies'.



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Section: Religious Communications

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 503.

[Christian Burial in the Case of Suicide]

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O O
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Mental Illness


    In a letter concerning whether or not those who commit suicide should be given a Christian burial, the writer states: 'I have also known of instances of clergymen refusing altogether to give Christian burial in such case notwithstanding a verdict of insanity. I should be glad to know what right a Coroner has to lay his commands on the clergy' (503).



Section: Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 531–32.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Englefield 1802 Englefield, Henry Charles 1802. 'Experiments on the Separation of Light and Heat by Refraction', Journal of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, 1, 202–08
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Publications noticed:

Accum 1803, Accum, Friedrich 1803. A System of Theoretical and Practical Chemistry, Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute; Glasgow: Brash and Reid; Dublin: Archer and Colbert
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Leslie 1804 Leslie, John 1804. An Experimental Inquiry into the Nature and Propagation of Heat, London: J. Mawman
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Subjects:

Chemistry | Heat, Light, Physics | Climatology

People mentioned:

Friedrich C Accum, Accum, Friedrich Christian (1769–1838) DSB
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John Leslie, Leslie, Sir John (1766–1832) DSB ODNB
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Henry C Englefield, Englefield, Sir Henry Charles, 7th baronet (1752–1822) ODNB
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John F W Herschel Herschel, Sir John Frederick William (1792–1871) DSB ODNB
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    States that a gentleman in Birmingham has 'invented a new barometer [...] which, by certain combinations of wheel-machinery, points out the most minute variation in the gravity of the atmosphere' (532). Reports that 'Sir H.C. Englefield has made some accurate experiments [...] in consequence of Herschel's interesting discovery of the separation of solar heat and light by the prism, and which appears to be a complete confirmation of the truth and accuracy of Dr. Herschel's assertions on that subject' (532).



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 532–33.

France

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Subjects:

Vaccination, Institutions | Disease, Government, Patronage | Experiment, Electricity, Government, Patronage, Internationalism

People mentioned:

Alessandro G A A Volta, Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio (1745–1827) DSB
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Benjamin Franklin Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Comité Central de Vaccine, Paris Comité Central de Vaccine, Paris
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    Gives an overview of the account given by the Comité Central de Vaccine concerning uptake of the small pox vaccine in France. Reports on the French response to the 'reward given by the British parliament Houses of Parliament
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to Dr. J. C. Smith Smith, Dr J C (fl. 1802) CO1/1/8b/2
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, for his discovery of the efficacy of the nitrous acid fumigation in purifying infectious air. The French Minister for the interior Jean A Chaptal Chaptal, Jean Antoine (1756–1832) DSB
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asserts that 'Guyton Morveau Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard (1737–1816) DSB
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pointed out, in 1783, the use of fumigations by muriatic acid in purifying corrupted air'. Later 'Bonaparte Napoleon I, Emperor of France (1769–1821) CBD
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has signified that it is his intention to propose a prize medal [...] for the best experiment which shall be made every year upon the galvanic fluid; and also the sum of 60,000 francs, to such persons as shall promote electricity and galvanism [...]. Foreigners of all nations may be competitors'. (533)



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 533.

Spain

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Instruments, Astronomy, Exploration, Navigation


    Reports that the court in Madrid has sent 'two learned men' to visit England 'for the purpose of purchasing mathematical and astronomical instruments' before setting out to make 'discoveries in the interior of Africa'. (533)



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 533.

America

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Vaccination


    Reports on the vaccination against smallpox of 'Indian' tribal chiefs. (533)



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 534–35.

List of New Publications

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Anon

Genre:

List

Subjects:

Textbooks, Chemistry, Medical Treatment, Anatomy, Botany, Comparative Anatomy, Vaccination, Mapping, Geology


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Section: Miscellaneous

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 574–77.

[Death of Voltaire]

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S L L, S
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Genre:

Letter, Introduction; Extract

Publications extracted:

Barruel 1797–98 Barruel, Augustin 1797–98. Memoirs, Illustrating the History of Jacobinism, 4 vols, London: E. Booker
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Subjects:

Unbelief, Religion, Humanism, Medical Practitioners

People mentioned:

François M A de Voltaire Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de (1694–1778) DSB
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    Extracts an account of the death of Voltaire so that readers may have the 'opportunity of contemplating the end of a man whose life was unremittingly employed in the endeavours to crush Christ and his cause' (574). The extract claims that a number of 'conspirators', including Jean Le R d'Alembert Alembert, Jean Le Rond d' (1717–83) DSB
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and Denis Diderot Diderot, Denis (1713–84) DSB
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, scuppered Voltaire's attempt to confess his sins before he died. States that 'his physicians, particularly M. Tronchin Tronchin, Théodor (1709–81) WBI
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, calling in to administer relief, thunderstruck, retire[d], declaring the death of the impious man to be terrible indeed' (576).



Section: Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 601–02.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Publications noticed:

Wittman 1803, Wittman, William 1803. Travels in Turkey, Asia Minor, Syria, and across the Desert into Egypt During the Years 1799, 1800, and 1801, in Company with the Turkish Army, and the British Military Mission: To Which are Annexed, Observations on the Plague, and on the Diseases Prevalent in Turkey, and a Meteorological Journal, London: R. Phillips
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Bingley 1803, Bingley, William 1803. Animal Biography; or, Authentic Anecdotes of the Lives, Manners, and Economy, of the Animal Creation, Arranged According to the System of Linnaeus, 3 vols, London: Richard Phillips
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Cavallo 1803, Cavallo, Tiberius 1803. The Elements of Natural or Experimental Philosophy, London: T. Cadell and W. Davies
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Smith 1815, Smith, William 1815. A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales, With Part of Scotland; Exhibiting the Collieries and Mines, the Marshes and Fen Lands Originally Overflowed by the Sea, and the Varieties of Soil According to the Variations in the Substrata, Illustrated by the Most Descriptive Names, London: J. Cary
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Fourcroy 1804 Fourcroy, Antoine François de 1804. General System of Chemical Knowledge; and its Application to the Phenomena of Nature and Art, trans. by William Nicholson, 11 vols, London: Cadell and Davies
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Subjects:

Meteorology, Disease | Natural History, Creationism, Zoology | Stratigraphy, Geology | Chemistry


    Reports: 'Mr William Smith Smith, William (1769–1839) DSB
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proposes to publish by subscription, in 1 vol. 4to. accurate Delineations and Descriptions of the Natural Order of the various Strata in England and Wales' (602).



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 602–03.

France

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage

Subjects:

Astronomy

People mentioned:

Pierre F A Mechain Méchain, Pierre-François-André (1744–1804) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Bureau des Longitude, Paris Bureau des Longitude, Paris
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Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 603.

North America

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Disease


    Reports: 'Dr Parke Parke, Thomas (1749–1835) WBI
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, of Philadelphia, is said to have perfectly cured two persons of pulmonary consumptions, by means of salivation' (603).



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 603–05.

List of New Publications

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Anon

Genre:

List

Subjects:

Textbooks, Chemistry, Mathematics, Exploration


Section: View of Public Affairs

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 614–18.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage



[2] Proceedings in Parliament

Subjects:

Vaccination, Discovery


    Reports that on 2 June 1802, '[I]n a committee of Supply, the sum of £10,000 was voted to Dr. Jenner Jenner, Edward (1749–1823) DSB
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, for the discovery of the vaccine inoculation' (615).




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Section: Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 663–64.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Publications noticed:

Cavallo 1803, Cavallo, Tiberius 1803. The Elements of Natural or Experimental Philosophy, London: T. Cadell and W. Davies
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Black 1803, Black, Joseph 1803. Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry, Delivered in the University of Edinburgh, ed. by John Robison, London: Longman and Rees; Edinburgh: W. Creech
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Garnett 1804, Garnett, Thomas 1804. Popular Lectures on Zoonomia; or, The Laws of Animal Life, in Health and Disease, London: Royal Institution of Great Britain
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Sowerby 180[2]–17, Sowerby, James 180[2]–17. British Mineralogy; or, Coloured Figures Intended to Elucidate the Mineralogy of Great Britain, 5 vols, London: privately published
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Pascal 1803 Pascal, Blaise 1803. Thoughts on Religion, and Other Important Subjects: To Which are Added Memoirs of his Life and Writings, London: Samuel Bagster
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Subjects:

Natural Philosophy | Chemistry | Natural History | Mathematics, Physics, Religion | Hospitals, Mental Illness

People mentioned:

Joseph Priestley, Priestley, Joseph (1733–1804) DSB
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Thomas Garnett Garnett, Thomas (1766–1802) ODNB
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Publications cited:

Annals of Philosophy, Natural History, Chemistry, Literature, Agriculture, and the Mechanical and Fine Arts Annals of Philosophy, Natural History, Chemistry, Literature, Agriculture, and the Mechanical and Fine Arts (1801–05) Waterloo Directory
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    Reports that the skeleton of a mammoth found in Orange County, New York State, is being exhibited in London. Reports that the Corporation of London Corporation of London
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intends to 'remove Bethlem Hospital Bethlehem Royal Hospital
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, and on its site to build a new square'. (663).


See also:

Anon, 'America', Christian Observer, 1 (1802), 127


Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 664–65.

France

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Subjects:

Creationism, Geology, Astrology, Astronomy, Ancient Authorities

People mentioned:

Jean A De Luc Deluc, Jean André (1727–1817) DSB
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Publications cited:

Gazette Nationale,
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Philosophical Magazine
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    Outlines De Luc's refutation of the claim that a better understanding of the age of the Earth will result from the recent discovery of Egyptian zodiacs. States that accounts of the Zodiac's discovery published in the Gazette Nationale state that 'it is "certain" [...] that the present division of the zodiac, such as we are acquainted with, was established among the Egyptians 15,000 years before the Christian æra' (664).



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 666–67.

List of New Publications

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Anon

Genre:

List

Subjects:

Vaccination, Exploration, Natural History, Botany, Textbooks


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Section: Religious Communications

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 702–06.

An Enquiry into the Nature and Tendency of the Education which the Clergy Receiving English Universities

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W B B, W
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Genre:

Essay

Subjects:

Education, Universities, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy

People mentioned:

Isaac Newton, Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) DSB
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Plato, Plato (428–348/7 BC) DSB
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Euclid, Euclid (fl. 295 BC) DSB
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Jonathan Swift, Swift, Jonathan (1667–1745) ODNB
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Abraham de Moivre, Moivre, Abraham de (1667–1754) DSB
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Edward Waring Waring, Edward (1736–98) DSB
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    States: 'By that part of mixed mathematics which relates to the laws and operations of nature, the mind is expanded and taught to discover order and beauty amidst seeming confusion and deformity. The utility of natural philosophy, in every department of life, is too well known at this time, when it claims at least its proper share of attention, to require any elucidation. Yet if this part of science, explaining the wisdom and power of the Creator, be studied, must young men, designed for the ministration of the Gospel, dive into the very depths of pure mathematics? What is their use almost in any case; and in particular, what relation have they to theological pursuits? [...] for generally a person earnestly engaged in the deeper parts of mathematics seldom turns to other studies, or, if he do, it is with a relaxed mind and a divided attention' (704–05).



Section: Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 738–40.

Great Britain

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Publications noticed:

Cavallo 1803 Cavallo, Tiberius 1803. The Elements of Natural or Experimental Philosophy, London: T. Cadell and W. Davies
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Subjects:

Mathematics | Creationism, Astronomy, Astrology | Chemistry

People mentioned:

Thomas Simpson, Simpson, Thomas (1710–61) ODNB
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Jean A De Luc, Deluc, Jean André (1727–1817) DSB
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François M A de Voltaire, Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de (1694–1778) DSB
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Jacob Bryant, Bryant, Jacob (1717–1804) ODNB
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William Jones, Jones, Sir William (1746–94) ODNB
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Thomas Maurice Maurice, Thomas (1754–1824) ODNB
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Institutions mentioned:

Society of Arts Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce
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Publications cited:

Simpson 1805 Simpson, Thomas 1805. The Doctrine and Application of Fluxions Containing (Besides What is Common on the Subject) a Number of New Improvements in the Theory, and the Solutions of a Variety of New and Very Interesting Problems in Different Branches of the Mathematics. To Which is Prefixed an Account of his Life, ed. by William Davis, London: H. D. Symonds
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    Reports that Samuel Henley Henley, Samuel (1740–1815) ODNB
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has printed a 'learned investigation' into the French interpretation of the recently discovered Egyptian zodiacs, in which he 'clearly proves, in opposition to the report of M. Fourrier Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph (1768–1830) DSB
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[sic], that this zodiac is a heiroglyphical representation of the reformation of the Roman year by Julius Cæsar Caesar, Julius (Gaius Julius) (100–44 BC) ODNB
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, and of the correction of the Egyptian year by that standard. [...] "Where now," he asks with allowable severity, "are the 15,000 years before Christ of the learned Fourrier?"' (738). Relates that '[a] composition lately noted by Mr. Davy Davy, Sir Humphry, Baronet (1778–1829) DSB ODNB
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, as fit for tinging oak or pear wood of mahogany colour, is made by boiling together Brazil-wood and Roman-alum; to which, before it is applied to the wood, a little pot-ash is to be added. A durable varnish is formed, he says, from a solution of amber in oil of turpentine, mixed with a little linseed oil' (739).


See also:

Anon, 'France', Christian Observer, 1 (1802), 664–65


Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 740–41.

France

View full article text

Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Subjects:

Electricity | Natural History, Museums, Publishing, Periodicals, Botany, Education

People mentioned:

René-Just Hauy, Hauy, René-Just (1743–1822) WBI
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Antoine F de Fourcroy, Fourcroy, Antoine François de (1755–1809) DSB
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Adolphe T Brongniart, Brongniart, Adolphe-Théodore (1801–76) DSB
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René L Desfontaines, Desfontaines, René Louiche (1750–1833) WBI
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Antoine-L de Jussieu, Jussieu, Antoine-Laurent de (1748–1836) DSB
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Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienne (1772–1844) DSB
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Bernard G E de la Ville-Sur-Illon, comte de Lacépède, Lacépède, Bernard-Germain-Étienne de la Ville-Sur-Illon, comte de (1756–1825) DSB
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Jean B P A de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck, Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de (1744–1829) DSB
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Antoine Portal, Portal, Antoine, baron (1742–1832) WBI
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Jean-Claude Mertrud, Mertrud, Jean-Claude (1728–1802) Le Guyader 2004
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André Thouin, Thouin, André (1747–1824) DSB
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Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond, Faujas de Saint-Fond, Barthélemy (1741–1819) WBI
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Gérard Van Spaendonck, Van Spaendonck, Gérard (1746–1822) WBI
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Georges Cuvier Cuvier, Georges (1769–1832) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Société Galvanique, Paris Société Galvanique, Paris
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    States that 'Aldini Aldini, Giovanni (1762–1834) DSB
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, the nephew of Galvini Galvani, Luigi (1737–98) DSB
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[sic], now at Paris, still persists in asserting the peculiarity of the Galvanic fluid, and obstinately denies it to be, as Volta Volta, Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio (1745–1827) DSB
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seemed to have demonstrated, merely a modification of electricity' (740). Reports that 'A large telescope, of twenty-two French feet in length, and twenty-two inches in diameter, is nearly finished. Its mechanism is such, that it will turn with great ease and will not require to be exposed to open air. The mirror [...] is of extraordinary clearness and purity: it is, however, not wholly of platina, as was first proposed' (741). Reports that it has 'been resolved to institute, at Paris a kind of continuation of the celebrated Memoirs of the Academy of Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (1699–1790) BUCOP
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Sciences Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (1699–1790) BUCOP
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under the title Annals of the National Museum of Natural History Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (1802–13) Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle (1815–32) Nouvelles Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; ou, Recueil de Mémoires (1832–35) Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (1839–61) Nouvelles Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (1865–1900+) COPAC
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' (741). Later lists the professors of the museum who are engaged in this undertaking.



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 742.

Italy

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Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Subjects:

Vaccination


    Reports that 'the vaccine practice is extending in Italy in an astonishing manner. By its means the fatal ravages of small-pox have been stopped in the department of Mella [...]. During the last three months 12,000 persons have undergone the operation'.



Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 742–44.

List of New Publications

View full article text

Anon

Genre:

List

Publications noticed:

Bacon 1802 Bacon, Francis 1802. The Miscellaneous Writings of Francis Bacon, Baron of Verulam, Viscount St. Albans, and Lord High Chancellor of England, in Philosophy, Morality and Religion. Now First Collected into One Volume, London: M. Jones, and H. D. Symonds
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Subjects:

Exploration | Statistics, Mapping


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Section: Religious Communications

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 771–772.

[Christian Burial in the Case of Suicide]

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O O
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Mental Illness


    A letter concerning whether those who commit suicide due to 'insanity' should be given a Christian burial. The writer quotes examples from coroners' certificates.


See also:

O, '[Christian Burial in the Case of Suicide]', Christian Observer, 1 (1802), 503


Section: Miscellaneous

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 787.

Anecdote

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Mathematics, Scientific Practitioners, Piety

Institutions mentioned:

Royal Society, Royal Society of London
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Académie des Sciences, Paris Académie des Sciences, Paris
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    Gives a brief account of the life of Abraham de Moivre Moivre, Abraham de (1667–1754) DSB
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. States that 'He could never endure any bold assertions or indecent witticisms against religion. A person one day thought to pay him a compliment by observing, that mathematicians were attached to no religion. He answered, "I show you, Sir, that I am Christian, by forgiving the speech you have now made"' (787).



Section: Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, &c. &c.

Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 806–08.

Great Britain

View full article text

Anon

Genre:

Literary Gossip; Reportage; Abstract

Publications noticed:

Aldini 1803 Aldini, Giovanni 1803. An Account of the Late Improvements in Galvanism: With a Series of Curious and Interesting Experiments Performed Before the Commissioners of the French National Institute, and Repeated Lately in the Anatomical Theatres of London. To Which is Added, an Appendix, Containing the Author's Experiments on the Body of a Malefactor Executed at Newgate, London: Cuthell and Martin & J. Murray
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Subjects:

Electricity, Medical Treatment | Natural History, Ethnology, Botany

People mentioned:

William Hyde Wollaston Wollaston, William Hyde (1766–1828) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Istituto delle Scienze e delle Arti, Bologna, Istituto delle Scienze e delle Arti, Bologna
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Royal Society, Royal Society of London
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Institut Nationale, Paris, Institut Nationale, Paris
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University of Oxford University of Oxford
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     Describes the experiments and work of Aldini Aldini, Giovanni (1762–1834) DSB
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on Galvanism recently presented to the Royal Society and at Oxford (807). Reports that 'Messrs.Cripps Cripps, John Marten (1780–1853) ODNB
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and Clarke Clarke, Edward Daniel (1769–1822) DSB
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of Jesus College Cambridge Jesus College, Cambridge
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' have returned after their travels to Lapland. States: 'The collection formed by these gentlemen is contained in 183 cases [...]. The botanic part contains the herbage of the celebrated Pallas Pallas, Pytor Simon (1741–1811) DSB
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, enriched by the contributions of Linnaeus Linnaeus (or von Linné), Carl (1707–78) DSB
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, and his numerous literary friends' (808).


See also:

Anon, 'France', Christian Observer, 1 (1802), 740–41


Christian Observer,  1 (1802), 808–09.

List of New Publications

View full article text

Anon

Genre:

List

Subjects:

Mapping

Institutions mentioned:

Royal Society of Edinburgh Royal Society of Edinburgh
Close   View the register entry >>


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