Science in the 19th Century Periodical

The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction [1st]

Introductory Essay
Volume 5  (January to December 1825)
Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), facing [i].

Captn. Franklin R. N.

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Anon

Genre:

Illustration

Relevant illustrations:

eng.

Subjects:

Exploration


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), [iii]–iv.

Preface

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Anon

Genre:

Preface

Subjects:

Periodicals, Education, Class, Publishing


    Passes self-congratulatory comment on the increasing circulation of the Mirror of Literature Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction (1822–47) Mirror Monthly Magazine (1847–49) Waterloo Directory
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, noting that it is the first cheap periodical to achieving lasting success and has 'created an era in the history of periodical literature'. Claims that the journal 'has reached a circulation far surpassing every other periodical of the day'. Quotes Brougham 1825a Brougham, Henry Peter 1825a. Practical Observations Upon the Education of the People: Addressed to the Working Classes and their Employers, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green [...] for the benefit of the London Mechanics Institution
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in support of the assertion that 'of some numbers of the MIRROR eighty thousand copies have been sold'. Notes that the practice of cheap publication has now been extended to the reprinting of standard works and observes that 'by this means of cheap publication the temple of knowledge is thrown open to all, and an auxiliary is found to the extension of education without which these efforts of enlightening the humbler classes of society must have often proved abortive'. (iii)



Section: The Selector; or, Choice Extracts from New Works

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 10–11.

The Turkey

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Time's Telescope Time's Telescope (1814–34) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Natural History, Acclimatization, Ancient Authorities


Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 11–12.

Signs of the Times

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Drollery

Publications extracted:

Repository of Arts Repository of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashion, and Politics (1809–28) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Microscopy, Disease, Steamships, Aeronautics


    The author claims to have 'clearly discerned all the primary causes of the rise and fall of empires in apparently the most trivial circumstances'. The 'signs of the times' which accompany these causes are 'not of such a magnitude as to be visible to the common eye, nor even to that of the philosopher, unless through the medium of a microscope'; for as in human disease, 'so in the body politic the germs of ruin may exist' and be invisible to all but those with 'minute sagacity'. (11) The writer reports that he has observed these signs of the times in the habits and manners of British sailors, who may now, for instance, be seen 'steering up the street, like a steam-vessel in the wind's eye, without making a single tack [...]. In short, Jack[-tar] has now become an amphibious animal'. In consequence of these habits, 'Men-of-war have made way for steam-vessels, with a chimney for a mast, and a column of smoke for a pendant. Naval officers command them, with a thermometer for a speaking-trumpet'. The author fears that balloons will be adopted next: 'Then adieu to the greatness of Old England! [....] We shall have too many and too powerful competitors on that element, which is alike open for all'. (12)



Section: Miscellanies

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 15–16.

On Diamonds and Precious Stones

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Mineralogy, Commerce


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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 21–23.

Supposed Error in the Almanacks

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Clavis Clavis
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A Constant Reader, Chelsea Constant Reader, A
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Genre:

Letter, Rejoinder

Subjects:

Astronomy

See also:

A H D Pasche, 'Error in the Almanacks as to Easter', Mirror of Literature, 4 (1824), 436


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 24–25.

Lime Dust and London Modern High Ways

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P T W, pseud.  [Peter T Westcott] Westcott, Peter Thomas (1782/3–1845) Gentleman's Magazine, n.s. 23 (1845), 328
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Timbs, John 1871.'My Autobiography: Incidental Notes and Personal Recollections', Leisure Hour (1871), 20–23, 85–88, 181–84, 212–15, 266–69, 293–95, 347–51, 394–98, 420–24, 469–72, 500–03, 596–600, 612–15, 644–48, 685–88, 692–96, 730–33, and 794–99
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Engineering

People mentioned:

John L McAdam McAdam, John Loudon (1756–1836) ODNB
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Section: The Selector; or, Choice Extracts from New Works

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 26–27.

The Eternal Fire at Baku

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Cabinet of Foreign Voyages and Travels Cabinet of Foreign Voyages and Travels (1825) Annual Cabinet of Modern Foreign Voyages and Travels (1826) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Geology, Supernaturalism, Religion, Ethnography


Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 27–28.

Insubordination of Modern Stomachs

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

New Monthly Magazine New Monthly Magazine (1814–81) New Monthly (1882–84) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Nutrition, Radicalism, Adulteration, Pharmaceuticals, Medical Treatment, Hydropathy, Natural History, Engineering

People mentioned:

John Abernethy, Abernethy, John (1764–1831) ODNB
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Alexander P W Philip, Philip, Alexander Philip Wilson (formerly Wilson, Alexander Philip) (1770?–1851?) ODNB
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John L McAdam McAdam, John Loudon (1756–1836) ODNB
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Publications cited:

Kitchiner 1817, Kitchiner, William 1817. Apicius Redivivus; or, The Cook's Oracle: Wherein Especially the Art of Composing Soups, Sauces, and Flavouring Essences is Made so Clear and Easy, by the Quantity of Each Article Being Accurately Stated by Weight and Measure, that Every One May Soon Learn to Dress a Dinner, as Well as the Most Experienced Cook; Being Six Hundred Receipts, the Result of Actual Experiments Instituted in the Kitchen of a Physician, for the Purpose of Composing a Culinary Code for the Rational Epicure [etc.], London: Samuel Bagster
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Kitchiner 1821, Kitchiner, William 1821. Peptic Precepts: Pointing out Agreeable and Effectual Methods to Prevent and Relieve Indigestion, and to Regulate and Invigorate the Action of the Stomach and Bowels, London: Bagster
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Accum 1820, Accum, Friedrich Christian 1820. A Treatise on Adulterations of Food, and Culinary Poisons: Exhibiting the Fraudulent Sophistications of Bread, Beer, Wine, Spirituous Liquors, Tea, Coffee, Cream, Confectionery, Vinegar, Mustard, Pepper, Cheese, Olive Oil, Pickles, and Other Articles Employed in Domestic Economy. And Methods of Detecting Them, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown
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Philip 1821 Philip, Alexander Philip Wilson 1821. A Treatise on Indigestion and its Consequences, Called Nervous and Bilious Complaints: With Observations on the Organic Diseases in which they Sometimes Terminate, London: Thomas and George Underwood
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Section: Useful Domestic Hints

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 30.

Hydrophobia

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T A—N C C, T A—N
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Genre:

Instructions

Subjects:

Animal Behaviour, Disease


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 30.

Preventives of Hydrophobia

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Bibliopolophilos Bibliopolophilos
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Genre:

Extract, Instructions

Publications extracted:

Astley P Cooper Cooper, Sir Astley Paston, 1st Baronet (1768–1841) ODNB
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Subjects:

Medical Treatment


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 30.

How Those Who Cannot Swim May Float if They Fall Into Water

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Bibliopolophilos Bibliopolophilos
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Genre:

Instructions

Subjects:

Accidents, Physics

People mentioned:

William Nicholson Nicholson, William (1753–1815) DSB
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Section: The Gatherer

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 32.

Gain of Power by Machinery

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellanous

Subjects:

Machinery, Manufactories, Progress, Steam-power

People mentioned:

Richard Arkwright Arkwright, Sir Richard (1732–92) ODNB
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 35–36.

Animal Biography

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Zoophilos, Bristol Zoophilos (of Bristol)
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Genre:

Letter, Introduction; Anecdote

Subjects:

Amusement, Wonder, Truth, Animal Behaviour, Morality


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 43–44.

Origins and Inventions. No. I. Mariner's Compass

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F R—y R—y, F
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Genre:

Regular Feature, Miscellaneous



[1] Mariner's Compass

Subjects:

Invention, Magnetism, Navigation, History of Science

People mentioned:

William Gilbert Gilbert, William (1544–1603) DSB
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Publications cited:

Gilbert 1628 Gilbert, William 1628. Tractatus, sive, physiologia nova de magnete, magneticisque corporibus et magno magnete tellure: sex libris comprehensus, Stettin: Excusus Sedini typis Gotzianis sumptibus authoris
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[3] Silk Stockings

Subjects:

Invention, Manufactories

People mentioned:

William Lee Lee, William (d. 1614/15) ODNB
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Section: The Selector; or, Choice Extracts from New Works

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 44.

A Jungle in India

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Travelogue

Subjects:

Travel, Botany, Wonder


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 45–46.

The Sun

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Anon

Genre:

Extract

Publications extracted:

Aspin 1825 Aspin, Jehoshaphat 1825. A Familiar Treatise on Astronomy, Explaining the General Phenomena of the Celestial Bodies, Written Expressly to Accompany Urania's Mirror; or, A View of the Heavens; Consisting of Thirty-two Cards on which are Represented All the Constellations Visible in Great Britain; on a Plan Perfectly Original, Designed by a Lady, London: Samuel Leigh
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Subjects:

Astronomy, Theology of Nature, Physics, Light, Heat

People mentioned:

William Herschel Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) DSB ODNB
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Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 46–47.

Manners and Condition of Women in South America

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Monthly Magazine Monthly Magazine (1796–1843) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Ethnography, Gender, Race


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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 54–55.

Proposed New Company

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John Bubble, Sec. pro tem. Bubble, John
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Genre:

Introduction, Drollery; Prospectus, Spoof

Subjects:

Technology, Commerce, Adulteration


    The writer comments on the tendency of the present age to indulge in 'excessive speculation in numerous schemes, conducted under the direction of societies, associations, and companies'. Various kinds of company are listed, and the writer suggests that 'Milk Companies' might be profitably amalgamated with the Thames Tunnel Company Thames Tunnel Company
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, 'which would enable them to supply John Bull with chalk and water for nothing!' (54). The prospectus announces the founding of the 'Intellect Company', offering a more solid speculation: 'The projectors have discovered an ingredient of inestimable qualities [...] which being enclosed in a fillet, and fastened round the pericranium, imparts to the wearer that hitherto grand desideratum, a qualification to fill every station in life with honour to himself, and benefit to the community' (55).



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 55–56.

The Topographer. No. VII. Wigan Well

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Gas Chemistry, Accidents


Section: The Selector; or, Choice Extracts from New Works

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 56–59.

Captain Lyon's Lyon, George Francis (1795–1832) ODNB
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Last Voyage

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Travelogue

Publications extracted:

Lyon 1825 Lyon, George Francis 1825. A Brief Narrative of an Unsuccessful Attempt to Reach Repulse Bay: Through Sir Thomas Rowe's "Welcome," in His Majesty's Ship Griper, in the Year MDCCCXXIV, London: John Murray
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Subjects:

Exploration, Ethnography, Heroism

Institutions mentioned:

HMS Griper HMS Griper
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Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 60–61.

Rail Roads

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Letter, Drollery

Publications extracted:

Birmingham Gazette Birmingham Gazette (1741–1888) Birmingham Daily Gazette (1888–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Technology, Commerce, Railways, Steam-power, Pollution, Accidents

People mentioned:

John L McAdam McAdam, John Loudon (1756–1836) ODNB
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    The writer of the letter describes him or herself as 'an admirer of improvement, and consequently an impartial spectator of the Joint Stock system'. He or she declares: 'I mean to bathe with the "London Sea Water Company," London Sea Water Company
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—I send my clothes to the "Steam Washing Company" Steam Washing Company, Isle of Dogs
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. The writer considers, however, that some are too anxious to change things for no good reason, and regrets those whose 'wits are at work to overthrow the reigning Golden age, and to substitute an Iron one' (60). The rural tranquility of English roads and canals is contrasted with the pollution attendant on steam-power. The writer states: 'I will not ask room to enumerate all the miseries attendant on the proposed reign of darkness, soot, and terror. I must, however, take leave to remind passengers by Steam Coaches of the certainty of their suffering from vapours [...]' (61).



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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 71–72.

Explanation of the Money of New South Wales

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A A
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Political Economy


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 72.

My Common-Place Book. No. VII. A Few Grunts from Tipperkin, Touching Sundry Hideous Enormities

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Education, Progress, Machinery, Steam-power


    Among sundry complaints, the writer declares: 'The perfectability of the human mind! verily this must be the age in which that most desirable consummation was to take place. Man's immortal immaterial soul is getting irresistible, and all by the force of steam!'. Particular reference is made to the 'Hamiltonian system', a system of language learning designed by James Hamilton Hamilton, James (1769–1829) ODNB
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, which is described as 'a lamentable hum, crede experto'.



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 80.

[Man-Midwifery and Decency]

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Anon

Genre:

Anecdote, Drollery

Subjects:

Medical Practitioners, Gender, Morality


    Relates that a man-midwife near Lincoln had a sign outside his house stating: 'A RIDLEY Ridley, A (Apothecary and Man-Midwife, near Lincoln) (fl. before 1826) ML1/5/125/3
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, Man-widwife.—Ladies delivered on the shortest notice, and on moderate terms.—Such ladies as wish to be delivered decently, my wife attends.'



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 80.

[Irishman and Leeches]

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Anon

Genre:

Anecdote, Drollery

Subjects:

Medical Practitioners, Error


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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 86–87.

Statistical Calculations

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Anon

Genre:

Notes

Subjects:

Statistics, Death, Population


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 87–88.

Arithmetical Terms

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J W Adams, Deptford Adams, J W (of Deptford) (fl. 1825) ML1/5/126/2
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Genre:

Introduction, Letter; Notes

Subjects:

Mathematics, Amusement, Education


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 89.

The Washerwoman's Complaint

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I J M M, I J
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Genre:

Poetry, Drollery

Subjects:

Steam-power, Gender


    A two-stanza poem tacitly referring to the recently founded Steam Washing Company Steam Washing Company, Isle of Dogs
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. It ends: 'Poor washerwomen! every one, / How sorrowful ye seem! / Because we used to wash in smoke, / But now we wash by steam.'



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 89–90.

The Solar System

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Jean Jean
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Astronomy, Gender


    The writer briefly describes the planets, each of which is gendered.



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 90.

Curious Description of Man

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract, Poetry

Publications extracted:

Francis Quarles Quarles, Francis (1592–1644) ODNB
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Subjects:

Anatomy


    Poetical description of the 'uses of the different parts of the human body'.



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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 99–101.

The Education of the People—Cheap Periodicals

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[Thomas Byerley] Byerley, Thomas (1789–1826) ODNB
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Education, Class, Endeavour, Periodicals, Publishing, Amusement

Publications cited:

Brougham 1825a, Brougham, Henry Peter 1825a. Practical Observations Upon the Education of the People: Addressed to the Working Classes and their Employers, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green [...] for the benefit of the London Mechanics Institution
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Mirror of Literature Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction (1822–47) Mirror Monthly Magazine (1847–49) Waterloo Directory
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 102–04.

History of the English Language

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Jacobus Jacobus
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Nomenclature


    The writer notes with regard to the imitation of other languages as a cause of linguistic change, that in this respect 'our language has received no trifling mutation, or rather amendment; the learned have adopted almost all technical terms of arts and sciences from the Greek and Latin, for the sake of neatness and elegance' (104).



Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 109–10.

Steam

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Poetry, Drollery

Publications extracted:

New Monthly Magazine New Monthly Magazine (1814–81) New Monthly (1882–84) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Steam-power, Progress, Physics, Infidelity, Mining, Commerce, Transport, Engineering, Military Technology, Manufactories, Horticulture, Domestic Economy, Railways, Agriculture, Medical Treatment, Political Economy

People mentioned:

James Watt, Watt, James (1736–1819) DSB
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Archimedes, Archimedes (c. 287–212 BC) DSB
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Alfonso el Sabio, Alfonso el Sabio (1221–84) DSB
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Marc I Brunel, Brunel, Sir Marc Isambard (1769–1849) ODNB
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Jacob Perkins, Perkins, Jacob (1766–1849) CBD
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John L McAdam, McAdam, John Loudon (1756–1836) ODNB
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Sake D Mahomed Mahomed, Sake Deen (1759–1851) ODNB
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Institutions mentioned:

[Steam Washing Company] Steam Washing Company, Isle of Dogs
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 116–17.

Bow Bells

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A Member of the Senior College Society Member of the Senior College Society, A
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Sound, Engineering


    The writer states that 'the practice of bell-ringing has been reduced to a science for many years past' and complains that 'this scientific mode is not allowed to be performed upon Bow Bells' because the members of the vestry have been informed that it might cause the fall of the spire (116). This claim is disputed on physical grounds.



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 118–19.

Winter

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P T W, pseud.  [Peter T Westcott] Westcott, Peter Thomas (1782/3–1845) Gentleman's Magazine, n.s. 23 (1845), 328
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Timbs, John 1871.'My Autobiography: Incidental Notes and Personal Recollections', Leisure Hour (1871), 20–23, 85–88, 181–84, 212–15, 266–69, 293–95, 347–51, 394–98, 420–24, 469–72, 500–03, 596–600, 612–15, 644–48, 685–88, 692–96, 730–33, and 794–99
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Astronomy, Heat, Meteorology, Microscopy

Publications cited:

Scheuchzer 1732–37, Scheuchzer, Johann Jakob 1732–37. Physique sacrée; ou, histoire-naturelle de la Bible, 8 vols, Amsterdam: Pierre Schenk [et] Pierre Mortier
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Hooke 1665, Hooke, Robert 1665. Micrographia; or, Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses. With Observations and Inquiries Thereupon, London: printed by J. Martyn and J. Allestry
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Adams 1787 Adams, George 1787. Essays on the Microscope: Containing a Practical Description of the Most Improved Microscope; a General History of Insects ... an Account of the ... Hydrae and Vorticellae, a Description of Three Hundred and Seventy-Nine Animalcula, with a Concise Catalogue of Interesting Objects ..., London: printed for the author
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Section: The Selector; or, Choice Extracts from New Works

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 125.

The Late Dr. Tilloch

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Poetry, Obituary; Postscript

Publications extracted:

Literary Chronicle Literary Chronicle (1819–28) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Scientific Practitioners, Morality | Authorship, Periodicals

Publications cited:

Philosophical Magazine Philosophical Magazine (1798–1832) London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine (1832–40) London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine (1840–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 125–26.

Valentine Greatrakes Greatrakes, Valentine ('the Stroker') (1629–83) ODNB
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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Biography

Publications extracted:

Wadd 1824 [Wadd, William] 1824. Nugæ Chirurgicæ; or, A Biographical Miscellany, Illustrative of a Collection of Professional Portraits, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green
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Subjects:

Medical Treatment, Magic, Expertise, Imposture, Disability

People mentioned:

Robert Boyle, Boyle, Hon Robert (1627–91) DSB ODNB
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Ralph Cudworth, Cudworth, Ralph (1617–88) DSB
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John Wilkins, Wilkins, John (1614–72) DSB
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Richard Wiseman, Wiseman, Richard (1620?–76) ODNB
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Charles Bernard Bernard, Charles (1652–1710) ODNB
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    After discussing the history of touching for scrofula, the writer notes that, 'The obsolete practice of Greatrakes has in a degree appeared again in the shape of friction, and has revived in full force in the process of thumbing and rubbing, as applied by certain adepts to distortions' (126).



Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 126.

Epigrams

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Epigram

Publications extracted:

Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine Edinburgh Monthly Magazine (1817) Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (1817–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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[2] On a Petit-Maitre Physician

Subjects:

Medical Practitioners, Gender


    'When P—nn—ngt—n for female ills indites, / Studying alone not what, but how he writes, / The ladies, as his graceful form they scan, / Cry—with ill-omen'd rapture—"killing man!"' (126).




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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 129–30.

Grove Hill, Camberwell

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Medical Practitioners, Morality


    The account of Grove Hill, Camberwell, ends with a tale of how the physician William Barrowby Barrowby, William (1682–1751) ODNB
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effected the moral reclamation of a young patient.



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 133.

On Silence

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Jacobus Jacobus
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Genre:

Letter, Drollery

Subjects:

Machinery


    The writer considers the 'unrestrained motion' of the tongue to have been productive of much mischief, and has devised 'a plan to tame this turbulent engine, and render it as harmless as an uncharged gun'.



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 133–35.

Archie, on Number CXXV. of the Mirror

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Archie Archie
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Theology of Nature


    Reviewing the strengths of the contributions to the journal, the author first observes: 'The devotees of nature and "her great First Cause" have contributed their several quota' (133).



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 136.

Wolves

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A F M M, A F
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Genre:

Anecdote

Subjects:

Natural History, Animal Behaviour


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 137–38.

Grotto of Antiparos

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Relevant illustrations:

wdct.

Subjects:

Geology, Mineralogy

People mentioned:

Edward D Clarke Clarke, Edward Daniel (1769–1822) DSB
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 141–42.

Scientific Amusements. No. VIII. Arithmetical Recreations

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Clavis Clavis
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Genre:

Regular Feature, Instructions

Subjects:

Mathematics, Amusement


Section: Miscellanies

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 143.

Growth of the Willow

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous, Reportage

Subjects:

Botany, Physiology, Experiment

People mentioned:

Johannes B van Helmont Helmont, Johannes (Joan) Baptista van (1579–1644) DSB
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 146–47.

Origins and Inventions. No. II

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Miscellaneous

Subjects:

History of Science, Mathematics | Time | Invention, Metrology | Instrument-makers, Cultural Geography

People mentioned:

Henry Home (Lord Kames), Home, Henry, Lord Kames (1696–1782) ODNB
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Richard Delamain, Delamain, Richard, the elder (d. 1644?) DSB ODNB
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St Albertus Magnus, Albertus Magnus, Saint (c. 1200–80) DSB
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St Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Aquinas, Saint (1225–74) DSB
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Pliny Pliny (Gaius Plinius Secundus) (c. 23–79) DSB
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Section: The Selector; or, Choice Extracts from New Works

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 148–49.

Barber Surgeons

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Wadd 1824 [Wadd, William] 1824. Nugæ Chirurgicæ; or, A Biographical Miscellany, Illustrative of a Collection of Professional Portraits, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green
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Subjects:

Medical Practitioners, Institutions, Dissection

Institutions mentioned:

Worshipful Company of Barber Surgeons Worshipful Company of Barber Surgeons
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 150–51.

Mineral Phenomenon

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Rhodes 1824 Rhodes, Ebenezer 1824. Peak Scenery; or, Excursions in Derbyshire, made Chiefly for the Purpose of Picturesque Observation, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, and John Murray
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Subjects:

Mining, Mineralogy

Publications cited:

Whitehurst 1778 Whitehurst, John 1778. An Inquiry into the Original State and Formation of the Earth: Deduced from Facts and the Laws of Nature. To which is Added an Appendix, Containing some General Observations on the Strata in Derbyshire. With Sections of them, Representing their Arrangement, Affinities, and the Mutations they Have Suffered at Different Periods of Time. Intended to Illustrate the Preceding Inquiries, and as a Specimen of Subterraneous Geography, London: W. Bent
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Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 153–54.

The Vigour of Early Age

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

New Monthly Magazine New Monthly Magazine (1814–81) New Monthly (1882–84) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Creativity, Genius, Endeavour, Vulcanology, Speculation

People mentioned:

Isaac Newton, Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) DSB
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William Harvey, Harvey, William (1578–1657) DSB
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George Berkeley, Berkeley, George (1685–1753) DSB
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David Hartley, Hartley, David (1705–57) DSB
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David Hume, Hume, David (1711–76) DSB
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Galileo Galilei, Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642) DSB
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Gottfried W Leibniz, Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716) DSB
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Leonhard Euler Euler, Leonhard (1707–83) DSB
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    The author contrasts favourably the immediacy and unexpectedness of genius with the slow advance of endeavour. 'A volcano does not give warning when it will break out, nor a thunderbolt send word of its approach' (154). 'Even in science the greatest discoveries have been made at an early age', before the mind becomes 'set in its own opinions or the dogmas of others'.



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 157–58.

Religion of the Yakoots

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Asiatic Journal Asiatic Journal (1816–45) Asiatic and Colonial Quarterly Journal (1846–49) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Ethnography, Religion


Section: Useful Domestic Hints

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 159–60.

Adulteration of Bread

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract, Instructions

Publications extracted:

Manning [1825?] Manning, James [1825?]. Observations on the Shameful Adulteration of Bread; Explaining the Nature of that Universal Food, etc., (a reprint of an article in the "Universal Magazine" for December 1757), London: G. Smeeton
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Subjects:

Adulteration, Pharmaceuticals, Chemistry


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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 164.

The Late Professor Porson

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W H S S, W H
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Genre:

Letter, Anecdote

Subjects:

Anatomy, Dissection


    In contradiction of the 'vulgar epithet of "thick-scull" or "thick-head"' for those lacking in intelligence, observes that the learned Richard Porson Porson, Richard (1759–1808) ODNB
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, when his head was opened after his death, was found to have the 'thickest skull'.



Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 167.

Curious Trait in the Camel

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Anecdote

Publications extracted:

Asiatic Journal Asiatic Journal (1816–45) Asiatic and Colonial Quarterly Journal (1846–49) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Natural History, Animal Behaviour


Section: Useful Domestic Hints

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 168.

Green Colour from Coffee Berries

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Anon

Genre:

Instructions

Subjects:

Chemistry


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 168.

Mechanical Arm

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Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Invention

People mentioned:

M. Taillefer Taillefer, M (of Geneva) (fl. 1825) ML1/5/131b/4
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 170.

[Medical Anecdote]

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Anon

Genre:

Anecdote

Subjects:

Medical Practitioners, Gender


    'A SURGEON and ACCOUCHEUR, who commenced business in Wapping, announced himself to the ladies in that neighbourhood as MAN-MIDWIFE from the Royal Navy'.



Section: The Selector; or, Choice Extracts from New Works

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 170–71.

Ode to Joseph Grimaldi, Senior

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Poetry, Drollery

Publications extracted:

[Hood and Reynolds] 1825 [Hood, Thomas] and [Reynolds, John H.] 1825. Odes and Addresses to Great People, London: Baldwin, Cradock, & Joy
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Subjects:

Monstrosities


    The poem laments the retirement of Joseph Grimaldi Grimaldi, Joseph (1778–1837) ODNB
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. One stanza observes: 'For who like thee could ever stride! / Some dozen paces to the mile!— / The motley, medley coach provide— / Or like Joe Frankenstein compile / The vegetable man complete!— / A proper Covent Garden feat!' (171).



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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 179–80.

Bell-ringing.—Bow Bells

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Salopiensis, Lambeth Salopiensis (of Shrewsbury)
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Sound, Engineering


    The correspondent seconds the comments of an earlier correspondent on scientific bell-ringing.


See also:

A Member of the Senior College Society, 'Bow Bells', Mirror of Literature, 5 (1825), 116–17


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 181–82.

Gravitation of the Heavenly Bodies

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Jean Jean
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Astronomy, Physics

People mentioned:

Isaac Newton Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) DSB
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Section: The Selector; or, Choice Extracts from New Works

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 186–87.

Coffee

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Anon

Genre:

Extract

Publications extracted:

Smedley, Rose, and Rose [1817–]1845 Smedley, Edward, Rose, Hugh James, and Rose, Henry John, eds. [1817–]45. Encyclopædia Metropolitana; or, Universal Dictionary of Knowledge, on an Original Plan, Comprising the Twofold Advantage of a Philosophical and an Alphabetical Arrangement, with Appropriate Engravings, 26 vols, 59 parts, London, B. Fellowes
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Subjects:

Religious Authority, Medical Treatment


    Describing the religious objections of one Mufti to the introduction of coffee, the writer observes: 'But another Mufti arose, of a less antiphlogistic turn' (187).



Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 188–91.

Old London  [1/2]

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Serial

Publications extracted:

London Magazine London Magazine (1820–29) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Time, Naturalists


    The article begins with a lengthy extract from 'the Arabian Naturalist' Zakariyā ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmūd al-Qazwīnī al-Qazwīnī, Zakariyā ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmūd abu yahya (c. 1203–1283) DSB
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, reflecting on the passage of time in relation to human civilizations.



Section: Useful Domestic Hints

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 191.

Composition for Preserving Eggs, For which a Patent was Obtained by Mr. Wm. Jayne Jayne, William (of Sheffield) (fl. 1825) ML1/5/132c/5
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, of Sheffield

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Anon

Genre:

Instructions

Subjects:

Domestic Economy, Chemistry


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 191.

To Preserve Turnips from Frost. By a Gentleman Farmer, of Suffolk

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Anon

Genre:

Instructions

Subjects:

Horticulture


Section: Miscellanies

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 191.

[Women not Human]

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Anon

Genre:

Anecdote

Subjects:

Human Species, Gender


    Gives an account of Acidalius Valens Valens, Acidalius (fl. 16th century) ML1/5/132d/7
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, 'an eminent critic and writer of Germany, of the sixteenth century', who translated, and was falsely accused of writing, a work attempting to prove 'that women were not of the human species'.



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 192.

Caoutchouc, or Indian Rubber

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Clavis Clavis
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Natural History, Instruments


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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 198.

On Botany

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H H
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Botany, Pharmaceuticals, Utility, Amusement

People mentioned:

Nicholas Culpeper Culpeper, Nicholas (1616–54) ODNB
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Publications cited:

Darwin 1794–96 Darwin, Erasmus 1794–96. Zoonomia; or, The Laws of Organic Life, London: James Johnson
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 198–200.

Origins and Inventions. No. III

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F R—y R—y, F
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T A—N C C, T A—N
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Genre:

Regular Feature, Miscellaneous



[2] Guns

Subjects:

Military Technology, Accidents, Invention


[5] Numeral Letters

Subjects:

Mathematics, History of Science


[7] Phosphorus

Subjects:

Chemistry, Discovery, Accidents, Industrial Chemistry

People mentioned:

Henning Brand, Brand, Henning (fl. 1669) WBI
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Johann Kunckel, Kunckel (von Lowenstern), Johann (c. 1630–c. 1703) DSB
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Robert Boyle, Boyle, Hon Robert (1627–91) DSB ODNB
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Andreas S Marggraf, Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund (1709–82) DSB
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Charles F de C Dufay, Dufay (Du Fay), Charles-François de Cisternai (1698–1739) DSB
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Henri L Duhamel Du Monceau, Duhamel Du Monceau, Henri Louis (1700–82) DSB
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Jean Hellot, Hellot, Jean (1685–1766) DSB
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Johan G Gahn, Gahn, Johan Gottlieb (1745–1818) DSB
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Carl W Scheele Scheele, Carl Wilhelm (1742–86) DSB
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 208.

To Correspondents

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[Thomas Byerley] Byerley, Thomas (1789–1826) ODNB
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Genre:

Editorial Reply

Subjects:

Engineering, Progress, Periodicals, Illustration


    'As we are anxious that the MIRROR Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction (1822–47) Mirror Monthly Magazine (1847–49) Waterloo Directory
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should exhibit the progress of improvement, we invite Architects, Surveyors, and Builders, to favour us with plans and descriptions of any new public buildings they may have in hand, or recently have completed.'



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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 210–11.

All Fools' Day

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Jacobus Jacobus
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Genre:

Poetry, Drollery

Subjects:

Medical Practitioners


    The poem considers a range of fools. One stanza reads: 'What tricks are played, by those who trade / In Galen's Galen (129/30–199/200) DSB
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numerous schools; / Large fees they drain, for fancied pain, / From hyppish April fools' (211).



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 211–12.

On Arithmetical Ratios

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J W Adams, Deptford Adams, J W (of Deptford) (fl. 1825) ML1/5/126/2
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Ancient Authorities, Mathematics, Education

Publications cited:

Donn 1758 Donn, Benjamin 1758. Mathematical Essays: Being Essays on Vulgar and Decimal Arithmetick. Containing, not only the Practical Rules, but also the Reasons and Demonstrations of them; with so Much of the Theory, and of Universal Arithmetick or Algebra, as are Necessary for the Better Understanding the Practice and Demonstrations. With a General Preface, Including a Panegyric, on the Usefulness of Mathematical Learning, London: W. Johnston, and P. Davey and B. Law
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 217–19.

Autographs, with Biographical Notices. No. VI.

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Biography



[1] Wm. Roscoe, Esq. Roscoe, William (1753–1831) ODNB
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Subjects:

Endeavour, Education, Institutions

Institutions mentioned:

Liverpool Royal Institution Liverpool Royal Institution
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Publications cited:

Roscoe 1817 Roscoe, William 1817. On the Origin and Vicissitudes of Literature, Science and Art and their Influence on the Present State of Society: A Discourse, Delivered on the Opening of the Liverpool Royal Institution, 25th November, 1817, London: Cadell and Davis
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[2] William Gifford, Esq. Gifford, William (1756–1826) ODNB
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Subjects:

Endeavour, Education, Mathematics, Reading



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 222–23.

Scientific Amusements. No. IX. Arithmetical Questions

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J W A A, J W
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Genre:

Regular Feature, Catechism

Subjects:

Mathematics, Amusement


Section: Miscellanies

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 223.

The Portuguese Man of War

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Invertebrate Zoology


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 223–24.

Conjuring Box

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P T W, pseud.  [Peter T Westcott] Westcott, Peter Thomas (1782/3–1845) Gentleman's Magazine, n.s. 23 (1845), 328
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Timbs, John 1871.'My Autobiography: Incidental Notes and Personal Recollections', Leisure Hour (1871), 20–23, 85–88, 181–84, 212–15, 266–69, 293–95, 347–51, 394–98, 420–24, 469–72, 500–03, 596–600, 612–15, 644–48, 685–88, 692–96, 730–33, and 794–99
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Genre:

Anecdote, Extract

Subjects:

Instruments, Magic, Superstition


    The anecdote describes the superstitious reaction of the Disdar of Athens to a camera obscura used by a traveller.



Section: The Gatherer

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 224.

Amusements of the Learned

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Amusement, Instruments

People mentioned:

Tycho Brahe, Brahe, Tycho (1546–1601) DSB
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Jacques Rohault, Rohault, Jacques (1620–75) DSB
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Galileo Galilei Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642) DSB
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 225–26.

Charitable Institutions in London. No. I. Bethlehem Hospital Bethlehem Royal Hospital
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View full article text

Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Miscellanous

Relevant illustrations:

wdct.

Subjects:

Hospitals, Mental Illness, Architecture


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 226.

Musical Glasses

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Cymro, Wrexham Cymro
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Instruments, Music, Machinery, Invention


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 231–32.

On Spring

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P T W, pseud.  [Peter T Westcott] Westcott, Peter Thomas (1782/3–1845) Gentleman's Magazine, n.s. 23 (1845), 328
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Timbs, John 1871.'My Autobiography: Incidental Notes and Personal Recollections', Leisure Hour (1871), 20–23, 85–88, 181–84, 212–15, 266–69, 293–95, 347–51, 394–98, 420–24, 469–72, 500–03, 596–600, 612–15, 644–48, 685–88, 692–96, 730–33, and 794–99
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Natural History

Publications cited:

[Lobb] 1800 [Lobb, Richard] 1800. The Contemplative Philosopher; or, Short Essays on the Various Objects of Nature Throughout the Year: With Poetical Illustrations, and Moral Reflections on Each Subject, 2 vols, London: G. G. and J. Robinson
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 233–35.

The Topographer. No. IX. Burleigh House, &c.

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Collecting, Ethnography, Menageries, Exhibitions

People mentioned:

James Cook, Cook, James (1728–79) DSB
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Edward Cross, Cross, Edward (1774?–1854) ODNB
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Gilbert Pidcock, Pidcock, Gilbert (d. 1810) ODNB
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Stephen Polito Polito, Stephen (formerly Stephano) (1763/4–1814) ODNB
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Institutions mentioned:

British Museum, British Museum
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Exeter Exchange, London—Royal Menagerie Exeter Exchange—Royal Menagerie
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Section: The Selector; or, Choice Extracts from New Works

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 235–36.

The Purrah or Robbers of Western Africa

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Travelogue

Publications extracted:

Laing 1825 Laing, Alexander Gordon 1825. Travels in the Timannee, Kooranko, and Soolima Countries, in Western Africa, London: J. Murray
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Subjects:

Ethnography, Exploration


Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 239.

Epitaph on a Coal-Heaver

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Poetry

Publications extracted:

Literary Gazette Literary Gazette (1817–62) Parthenon (1863) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Mathematics, Mental illness


    One couplet reads: 'In figures, unable with Newton Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) DSB
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to dare, / Yet found in the circle attempting to square.' A note includes the explanation: 'the quadrature of the circle is one of the baits that science holds out to lure mathematicians on towards insanity—it has triumphed as much over heads, as love has over hearts.'



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 239–40.

The Prescription

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Poetry

Publications extracted:

New Monthly Magazine New Monthly Magazine (1814–81) New Monthly (1882–84) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Medical Practitioners, Pharmaceuticals


    A love-sick physician, 'Doctor Snake', tries all remedies for his condition. He tells a friend 'That the symptom Brunonian he'd ventured, / And stimulants push'd to extremes, / And his hope of recovery now centred / On feeding and nursing his flames' (240). His friend gives the prescription: 'You may take quantum suff. of the lady, / Add a drachm of gold ring and a prayer, / In dispensary canonical ready, / Commingle and swallow with care'.



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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 244–45.

On the Circulation of the Blood

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H R R, H
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Anatomy, Physiology, Biblical Authority, Design

People mentioned:

William Harvey Harvey, William (1578–1657) DSB
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    The writer suggests, drawing on Adam Clarke Clarke, Adam (1762?–1832) ODNB
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, that the circulation of the blood may have been known to the writer of Ecclesiastes.



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 245–46.

Manufacture of Cochineal at Rio De Janeiro

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F R—y R—y, F
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Entomology, Botany


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 247–48.

Scientific Amusements. No. X

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Jacobus Jacobus
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Genre:

Regular Feature—Letter, Introduction; Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Mathematics, Amusement


Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 251–53.

My Wife's Relations

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Short Fiction

Publications extracted:

New Monthly Magazine New Monthly Magazine (1814–81) New Monthly (1882–84) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Dissection, Crime


    The narrator finds the conversation at a dinner party revolves around the condemnation of the criminal exhumation of corpses for dissection. He rises to the defence of the practice, as necessary in the training of medical practitioners, and is condemned as a man of 'libertine principles' (252).



Section: Miscellanies

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 255–56.

French Blacking

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Industrial Chemistry, Nationalism, Invention, Internationalism


    The article briefly describes various means used by the Parisians to black boots, before the importation of British blacking. After using British blacking for some years, the narrator reports, '[t]he spirit of nationality at length exerted itself, and the Parisians [...] began to analyse and compose and decompose, until they produced something which the Academy of Sciences Académie des Sciences, Paris
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pronounced worthy of adoption. With all the pomp of French philanthropy this great discovery is now given to the world for its benefit and instruction' (256).



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 256.

Negro Council

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Ethnography


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 256.

To Correspondents

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[Thomas Byerley] Byerley, Thomas (1789–1826) ODNB
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Genre:

Editorial Reply

Subjects:

Time, Astronomy


    'A correspondent, who was born on the 1st of April, 1771, which was then Easter Monday, wishes to know when the festival will fall on the same day again. In the last century they fell together every eleven years, that is to say, in 1771, 1782, and 1793; since which time he complains he has not had a right birth-day'.



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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 261–62.

Testimonies of Ancient Heathen Writers Concerning Chaos

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Ray 1693 Ray, John 1693. Three Physico-Theological Discourses: Concerning I. The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge, its Causes and Effects. III. The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagration. Wherein are Largely Discussed, the Production and Use of Mountains, the Original of Fountains, of Formed Stones, and Sea-fishes Bones and Shells Found in the Earth; the Effects of Particular Floods, and Inundations of the Sea; the Eruptions of Vulcano's; the Nature and Causes of Earthquakes. With an Historical Account of those Two Late Remarkable Ones in Jamaica and England. With Practical Inferences, 2nd edn, London: S. Smith
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Subjects:

Ancient Authorities, Creation

People mentioned:

Anaxagoras Anaxagoras (500–428 BC) DSB
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 262–63.

Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb

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S G G, S
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Genre:

Letter, Rejoinder

Subjects:

Disability, Education, Institutions

People mentioned:

Charles M de L'Épée, Epée, Charles Michel, abbé de l' (1712–89) CBD
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Roch A C Sicard, Sicard, Roch Ambroise Cucurron (1742–1822) WBI
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Joseph Watson, Watson, Joseph (1764/5–1829) ODNB
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John P Arrowsmith Arrowsmith, John Pauncefort (fl. 1819) WBI
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Institutions mentioned:

Manchester Institution for the Deaf and Dumb , Manchester Institution for the Deaf and Dumb
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Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb Children of the Poor Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb Children of the Poor, Kent Road
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Publications cited:

Watson 1809, Watson, Joseph, 1809. Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb; or, A Theoretical and Practical View of the Means by which they are Taught to Speak and Understand a Language. Containing Hints for the Correction of Impediments in Speech. Together with a Vocabulary, London: Darton and Harvey
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Christian Observer Christian Observer (1802–77) Waterloo Directory
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See also:

Anon A Friend to the Unfortunate, 'Instructions for the Deaf and Dumb', Mirror of Literature, 3 (1824), 195–97


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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 275–77.

Charitable Institutions in London. No. II. Royal Humane Society Royal Humane Society
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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Reportage, Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Accidents, Medical Treatment, Patronage, Instruments

People mentioned:

John Fothergill, Fothergill, John (1712–80) ODNB
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Thomas Cogan, Cogan, Thomas (1736–1818) ODNB
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William Hawes, Hawes, William (1736–1808) ODNB
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Tsar Alexander I Alexander I, Tsar of Russia (1777–1825) CBD
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Publications cited:

Derham 1713, Derham, William 1713. Physico-Theology; or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, from His Works of Creation: Being the Substance of XVI Sermons Preached in St. Mary le Bow-Church, London, at the Honble Mr. Boyle's Lectures, in the Years 1711 and 1712. With Large Notes, and Many Curious Observations Never Before Published, London: W. Innys
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Cogan trans. 1773 Cogan, Thomas, trans. 1773. Memoirs of the Society Instituted at Amsterdam in Favour of Drowned Persons: For the Years 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, and 1771, London: G. Robinson
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    The article reports on the recent anniversary dinner of the Royal Humane Society, before reviewing its activities. The society is reported to have rescued from premature death more than 5,000 individuals in the neighbourhood of London alone. It has also prompted similar institutions in Britain and abroad, and has been the means 'of diffusing the best means of restoring suspended animation' (276). A brief history of the 'art of resuscitating the apparently dead' is given.



Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 286–87.

The Himmalaya Mountains in India. (Extracts from the Letter of a Recent Traveller)

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Travelogue

Publications extracted:

Asiatic Journal Asiatic Journal (1816–45) Asiatic and Colonial Quarterly Journal (1846–49) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Mineralogy, Collecting, Natural History, Geology


Section: Miscellanies

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 287–88.

Earthquake in Calabria

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Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Vulcanology

People mentioned:

Athanasius Kircher Kircher, Athanasius (1601/2–80) DSB
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 288.

Natural Life of Trees

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T—A N—C N—C, T—A
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Botany


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Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 296–97.

Gymnastics

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

London Magazine London Magazine (1820–29) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Health, Education, Medical Treatment

People mentioned:

Frederick L Jahn Jahn, Frederick Ludwig (1778–1852) CBD
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Publications cited:

Voelker [1825?] Voelker, Karl [1825?]. Professor Voelker's Gymnasium, London: W. Glindon
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 302.

Scientific Amusements. No. XI

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Instructions



[1] Silver Tree on Glass

Subjects:

Amusement, Chemistry


[2] To Cover Ribbons with Gold

Subjects:

Amusement, Chemistry


[3] To Take Impressions from Leaves

Subjects:

Amusement, Botany, Illustration


[4] To Make Artificial Petrifactions

Subjects:

Amusement, Chemistry



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Section: Miscellanies

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 310–11.

Abstinence

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T—A N—C N—C, T—A
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Nutrition, Temperance


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 312.

Potatoes

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Polycarp Polycarp
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Horticulture, Acclimatization

People mentioned:

John Hawkins Hawkins (or Hawkyns), John (1532–95) ODNB
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 312.

First Act of Parliament for a Canal in England

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P T W, pseud.  [Peter T Westcott] Westcott, Peter Thomas (1782/3–1845) Gentleman's Magazine, n.s. 23 (1845), 328
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Timbs, John 1871.'My Autobiography: Incidental Notes and Personal Recollections', Leisure Hour (1871), 20–23, 85–88, 181–84, 212–15, 266–69, 293–95, 347–51, 394–98, 420–24, 469–72, 500–03, 596–600, 612–15, 644–48, 685–88, 692–96, 730–33, and 794–99
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Commerce, Engineering, Invention


    A brief account of the employment of James Brindley Brindley, James (1716–72) ODNB
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by the Francis Egerton (3rd Duke of Bridgewater) Egerton, Francis, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater (1736–1803) ODNB
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in the building of the Bridgewater Canal Bridgewater Canal
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.



Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 315–17.

The Great Plague. Account of a Grocer in Wood Street, Cheapside, who Preserved Himself and Family from Infection During the Great Plague in 1665  [1/2]Anon, 'The Great Plague', Mirror of Literature, 5 (1825), 349–51

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous, Serial

Publications extracted:

Gentleman's Magazine Gentleman's Magazine (1731–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Epidemiology, Disease


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 317–18.

The Lukatees

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Asiatic Journal Asiatic Journal (1816–45) Asiatic and Colonial Quarterly Journal (1846–49) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Ethnography


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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 322–25.

The Irregular Periods of Easter Explained

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Clavis Clavis
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Genre:

Miscellaneous, Table

Subjects:

Astronomy, Time

People mentioned:

Meton, Meton (fl. 2nd half of 5th century) DSB
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Julius Caesar, Caesar, Julius (Gaius Julius) (100–44 BC) ODNB
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Pope Gregory XIII Gregory XIII, Ugo Buoncompagni, Pope (1502–85) CBD
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See also:

[Thomas Byerley], 'To Correspondents', Mirror of Literature, 5 (1825), 256


Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 332–34.

Origins and Inventions. No. IV

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F R—y R—y, F
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Genre:

Regular Feature, Miscellaneous



[1] Early Paper

Subjects:

Natural History, Invention


[3] Medicine

Subjects:

Medical Treatment, History of Science, Quackery, Medical Practitioners, Expertise

People mentioned:

Hippocrates of Cos, Hippocrates of Cos (460–370 BC) DSB
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Galen, Galen (129/30–199/200) DSB
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Hermes Trismegistus Hermes Trismegistus () DSB
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    After briefly touching on the introduction of medicine in different cultures, the writer criticises the quackery prevalent in modern London, and regrets the passing of the punishments that were formerly directed at such 'empiricism' in England. The writer concludes by advising that the treatment of diseases should be committed to 'the only proper hands, the intelligent and experienced practitioner' (334).



See also:

Anon, 'Medical Quackery', Mirror of Literature, 1 (1822–23), 370–73 , Anon, 'Medical Quackery', Mirror of Literature, 1 (1822–23), 393–95 , Anon, 'Medical Quackery', Mirror of Literature, 1 (1822–23), 422–24 , Anon, 'Medical Quackery', Mirror of Literature, 1 (1822–23), 435–37 , Anon, 'Medical Quackery', Mirror of Literature, 1 (1822–23), 455–57


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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 339–41.

History of Music. Antiquity of Music—The Music and Musical Instruments of the Egyptians, Israelites, &c.  [1/5]Anon, 'The History of Music. Music of the Greeks and Romans', Mirror of Literature, 5 (1825), 402–04

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Anon

Genre:

Serial, Essay

Subjects:

Music, Discovery, Genius, Invention


    The author declines to speculate on the first origin of music, beginning the account with the ancient Egyptians. It is stated: 'Nothing is more beautiful than to conceive the energetic powers of the human mind in the early ages of the world, exploring the then undiscovered capabilities of nature, and directed to the exhaustless store by the finger of God in the form of accident—though where chance is the parent of discovery it is only men of genius who turn it to advantage' (340). The author places Hermes Trismegistus Hermes Trismegistus () DSB
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among such geniuses for his 'striking improvements' in music.



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 345–47.

Useful Rules in Arithmetic

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J W Adams, Deptford Adams, J W (of Deptford) (fl. 1825) ML1/5/126/2
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Genre:

Letter, Rejoinder

Subjects:

Mathematics, Error

See also:

Jacobus, 'Scientific Amusements. No. X', Mirror of Literature, 5 (1825), 247–48


Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 347–49.

Bear-Baiting and Mr. Martin's Martin, Richard ('Humanity') (1754–1834) ODNB
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Bill
  [1/2]

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Essay, Serial

Publications extracted:

Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine Edinburgh Monthly Magazine (1817) Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (1817–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Cruelty, Class, Vivisection

People mentioned:

François Magendie Magendie, François (1783–1855) DSB
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 349–51.

The Great Plague  [2/2]Anon, 'The Great Plague. Account of a Grocer in Wood Street, Cheapside, who Preserved Himself and Family from Infection During the Great Plague in 1665', Mirror of Literature, 5 (1825), 315–17

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous, Serial

Publications extracted:

Gentleman's Magazine Gentleman's Magazine (1731–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Epidemiology


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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 355–57.

Advice to Young Students

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T—A N—C N—C, T—A
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Beldou Beldou
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Genre:

Letter; Extract

Publications extracted:

Beldou Beldou
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Subjects:

Education, Health, Temperance, Disease, Nutrition, Natural History, Amusement, Error


    The writer introduces lengthy guidance on education, putatively written by a sexagenarian, extracted from 'a weekly journal' that has been discontinued. Advising against 'night studies', the writer gives a medical rationale, and notes: 'The faculty extol early rising as a powerful specific against disease'. The writer insists that time 'must be properly occupied', noting that 'Fine Arts, Natural History, and many other useful studies may employ spare hours'. (355) Warning against the dangers of excessive study, the writer relates of one 'learned gentleman' that he 'imagined the earth was a living animal, the flux and reflux of the sea, the effects of his respiration; men, and other creatures, insects, which fed upon it—bushes and trees, the bristles on his back, and the water or seas and rivers, a liquid which circulated in his veins' (356–57).



Section: The Selector; or, Choice Extracts from New Works

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 360–62.

Essay on Light

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Essay

Publications extracted:

Penny 1820 Penny, Josiah 1820. Scripture Philosophy; Part First. Bath: [n. pub.?]
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Subjects:

Biblical Authority, Creation, Light, Hypothesis, Ether, Controversy, Chemistry, Electricity, Physiology

People mentioned:

Pierre Bouguer, Bouguer, Pierre (1698–1758) DSB
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Francis Hauksbee, Hauksbee, Francis (1666–1713) DSB
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Daniel Bernoulli, Bernoulli, Daniel (1700–82) DSB
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Leonhard Euler Euler, Leonhard (1707–83) DSB
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Publications cited:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1665–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Franklin 1806, Franklin, Benjamin 1806. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, and Morals, of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin: Now First Collected and Arranged; with Memoirs of his Early Life, Written by Himself, 3 vols, London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme
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Taylor 1762, Taylor, John 1762. A Scheme of Scripture-Divinity, Formed upon the Plan of the Divine Dispensations: With a Vindication of the Sacred Writings, London: J. Waugh, and W. Fenner
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Pluche1732–51, Pluche, Noël Antoine 1732–51. Le spectacle de la nature; ou, entretiens sur les particularités de l'histoire naturelle, qui ont paru les plus propres à rendre les jeunes-gens curieux, et à leur former l'esprit, 8 vols, Paris: La veuve Estienne, and Jean Desaint
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Young 1807 Young, Thomas 1807. A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts, 2 vols, London: J. Johnson
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    The extract discusses the Biblical statement: 'Let there be light: and there was light' (Gen. 1: 3) in the light of 'modern philosophy'. The writer notes that a 'difficulty has arisen [...] in the minds of some persons, to account for the production of light before the creation of the sun', observing, however, that it has only arisen 'from adopting, with implicit confidence, a mere hypothesis of modern philosophy, an hypothesis which the recent improvements of science seems to render every day more questionable', namely the corpuscular theory (360–61). The ether theory is introduced in relation to 'late experiments in chemistry and galvanism', which have 'served to render such a fluid or elementary principle more familiar to us', and recent researches on phosphorescence. The writer quotes from several authors in support of the ether, and argues its consistency with the Mosaic account of the creation.



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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 384.

To Correspondents

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[Thomas Byerley] Byerley, Thomas (1789–1826) ODNB
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Genre:

Editorial Reply

Subjects:

Education, Mathematics


    Among other notes to correspondents, the editor observes: 'We are always anxious to render the MIRROR instructive; but we think the subject of Arithmetic has been so amply discussed, that we need not insert the letter of Mr. Adams Adams, J W (of Deptford) (fl. 1825) ML1/5/126/2
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, though very excellent.'



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Section: Spirit of the Public Journals

Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 394–96.

Hints for a Joint-Stock Horse-Manufactory Company

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Drollery

Publications extracted:

Monthly Magazine Monthly Magazine (1796–1843) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Invention, Human Species, Progress, Steam-power, Transport, Accidents, Aerostatics, Agriculture, Adulteration, Cruelty


    The narrator reports having come into possession of the papers of a recently deceased friend, who left behind a 'digest of wonderful discoveries, phenomena, and projects [...] in order to establish, beyond dispute, his favourite theory of the Perfectibility of Man'. One of his 'most sanguine speculations' was based on 'the indefinite application of steam': he proposed the use of steam-power to propel all wheeled vehicles (394). The narrator reflects on the consequences of such a scheme. He considers the possibility of making steam-driven horses. Among the advantages would be the reduction in demand for oats, and the consequent cheapening of wheat and barley, which would lead to a reduction in adulteration. Cruelty to animals would be reduced with the 'invention of steam jack-asses, which may be thumped and bruised ad libitum' (396).



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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 402–04.

The History of Music. Music of the Greeks and Romans  [2/5]Anon, 'History of Music. Antiquity of Music—The Music and Musical Instruments of the Egyptians, Israelites, &c.', Mirror of Literature, 5 (1825), 339–41

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Anon

Genre:

Serial, Essay

Subjects:

Music, Mental Illness, Medical Treatment, Ancient Authorities

People mentioned:

Giovanni, comte Pico Della Mirandola, Pico Della Mirandola, Giovanni, Comte (1463–94) CBD
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Theophrastus, Theophrastus (c. 371–c. 287BC) DSB
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Galen, Galen (129/30–199/200) DSB
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Xenocrates of Chalcedon Xenocrates of Chalcedon (c. 396–c. 313 BC) DSB
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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 405–07.

Retrospection; or, Old and New Times

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A B C C, A B
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Genre:

Essay

Subjects:

Progress, Superstition, Reading, Education, Genius, Class, Liberalism

Publications cited:

Brougham 1825b Brougham, Henry 1825b. Inaugural Discourse of Henry Brougham, Esq., M.P., on being Installed Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow, Wednesday, April 6th, 1825, Glasgow: John Smith & Son
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    The author reflects on progress in various aspects of life in England. He notes the reduction of superstition, since, by the 'introduction of publications, accessible by the working community, most men now read and think for themselves'. The progress of science in the last 'twenty-five to thirty-one years' has been 'so great that, did we not know such existed, we should not believe it'. The writer considers that the arts and sciences have 'created a great "social pyramid," and consecrated it to the general intellectual improvement of mankind, which stupendous pile gives fruitful encouragement and opportunities for the genius of more Franklins Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90) DSB
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and Watts Watt, James (1736–1819) DSB
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'. (405) He quotes the recent comments of Henry P Brougham Brougham, Henry Peter, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux (1778–1868) ODNB
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on the close connection between the cultivation of science and enlightened toleration.



Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 416.

To Correspondents

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[Thomas Byerley] Byerley, Thomas (1789–1826) ODNB
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Genre:

Editorial Reply

Subjects:

Mathematics


    Among other notes to correspondents the editor writes: 'If we do not insert the communications of Jacobus and G. A. L., it is for the reason already assigned—that the subject of Arithmetic has been sufficiently discussed. We do not, however, positively reject them.'


See also:

[Thomas Byerley], 'To Correspondents', Mirror of Literature, 5 (1825), 384


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Mirror of Literature,  5 (1825), 417–22.

Captain John Franklin, R.N. F.R.S. Franklin, Sir John (1786–1847) ODNB
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View full article text

Anon

Genre:

Biography

Subjects:

Navigation, Natural History, Discovery, Physical Geography, Invention, Instruments, Exploration, Education, Hydrography, Publishing, Heroism

People mentioned:

Christopher Columbus, Columbus, Christopher (1451–1506) CBD
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James Cook, Cook, James (1728–79) DSB
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William E Parry, Parry, Sir William Edward (1790–1855) ODNB
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John Ross, Ross, Sir John (1777–1856) ODNB
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David Buchan, Buchan, David (1780–1838?) WBI
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John Richardson, Richardson, Sir John (1787–1865) ODNB
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Thomas Drummond Drummond, Thomas (1793–1835) ODNB
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Institutions mentioned:

HMS Isabella, HMS Isabella
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HMS Alexander, HMS Alexander
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HMS Dorothea, HMS Dorothea
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HMS Trent HMS Trent
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    The narrator considers the 'maritime superiority' of Britain to be partly dependent on its 'pre-eminence in maritime science' (418). The memoir begins with a discussion of the history of voyages of discovery, and reflects on the importance of the invention of the compass. It is noted of Franklin's home town, Spilsby, that it has 'long been remarkable for a spirit of scientific inquiry among its inhabitants, and particularly for the cultivation of the mathematical sciences' (419). Relating the details of the arctic expeditions of 1818, the narrator observes that the details of David Buchan's expedition have not been published, unlike those of John Ross: 'The papers and journals were deposited at the Admiralty Admiralty
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, where they remain hermetically sealed to the public, though for what reason we are at a loss to divine' (419).


See also:

Anon, 'Memoir of Capt. Franklin', Mirror of Literature, 1 (1822–23), 405–06, Anon, 'Captain Franklin's Expedition', Mirror of Literature, 2 (1823), 426–28, Anon, 'The White Wolf and Dog-Rib-Rock', Mirror of Literature, 1 (1822–23), 417–18, Anon, 'The Esquimaux Indians', Mirror of Literature, 1 (1822–23), 425–26, Anon, 'The Falls of Wilberforce in the Arctic Regions', Mirror of Literature, 2 (1823), 1–2


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