Science in the 19th Century Periodical

The Review of Reviews [1st]

Introductory Essay
Volume 4  (July to December 1891)
Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 3–12.

The Progress of the World

Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Editorial, News-Commentary

Subjects:

Zoological Gardens


    Reports the indictment for manslaughter of two keepers at the Frankfurt zoological gardens Frankfurt. zoological gardens
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who refused to shoot a bear that was mauling a 'poor half-witted servant girl' who had entered the bear-pit, because it 'was much too valuable an animal to be destroyed' (10).



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 22–34.

Character Sketch: July. The Prince of Wales

Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Biography

Subjects:

Scientific Naturalism, Religion, Degeneration


    Despite being the subject of 'one thousand millions of prayers' every day, Prince Edward Edward VII, King of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas, Emperor of India (1841–1910) ODNB
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has become embroiled in the 'Baccarat Scandal of Tranby Croft'. Observes that 'As a prayer gauge on the principle suggested by Professor Tyndall Tyndall, John (1820–93) DSB
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, His Royal Highness, who in course of time may become Defensor Fidei, can hardly be said, as Heir-Apparent, to have contributed much to strengthen the faith of the modern world in the efficacy of prayer'. (23) Adds that the Prince suffers from that 'fatty degeneration of the moral sense which often sets in after prolonged self-indulgence' (30).



Section: Leading Articles in the Reviews

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 41.

Some Tributes to Madame Blavatsky. By Theosophists

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Lucifer Lucifer (1887–97) Theosophical Review (1897–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Theosophy

People mentioned:

Helena P H Blavatsky Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna Hahn (1831–91) ODNB
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Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 41.

A Word from the Psychical Research Society

Anon / Frederick W H Myers, Hon. Sec. S.P.R. Myers, Frederic William Henry (1843–1901) ODNB
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Genre:

Editorial / Letter, Rejoinder

Subjects:

Psychical Research, Theosophy, Charlatanry


    Notes that members of the Society for Psychical Research Society for Psychical Research
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have complained about the 'unjustifiable harshness upon Mr. Hodgson Hodgson, Richard (1855–1905) WBI
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' contained in Alfred P Sinnett's Sinnett, Alfred Percy (1840–1921) ODNB
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character sketch of the late Helena P H Blavatsky Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna Hahn (1831–91) ODNB
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in the previous number of the Review.


See also:

Anon Alfred P Sinnett, 'Character Sketch: June. Madame Blavatsky', Review of Reviews, 3 (1891), 548–58


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 43.

Paris the Typical Modern City. By Dr. Albert Shaw

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Albert Shaw Shaw, Albert (1857–1947) WBI
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, Century Magazine Century (1871–77) Scribner's Monthly (1877–81) Century Magazine (1881–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Light, Electricity


    Describes the 'scientific system which has resulted in making Paris the best lighted city in the world', especially now that it is 'on the point of being completely supplied with electric light'. Also remarks on 'the comparative barbarism of the electric lighting appliances in America', which is 'between ten and fifteen years behind Europe in all the matters'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 48.

Natural History Papers

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Subjects:

Natural History, Naturalists


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 49.

A Murder on the Eve of St. John. A Weird Ghost Story from Switzerland

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Frank Cowper Cowper, Frank (1849–1930) WBI
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, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine Edinburgh Monthly Magazine (1817) Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (1817–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Spiritualism, Psychical Research


    Before abstracting the ghostly narrative, considers whether it is 'a genuine experience' or 'merely spun from the imagination of the writer, in which case, of course, it would lose all interest'. Later states, 'Clearly Mr. Frank Cowper should immediately place himself in communication with the Society for Psychical Research Society for Psychical Research
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, and if there be any truth in his narrative a picked body of psychical researchers should spend the Eve of St. John in that ruined chalet'.



Section: The Reviews Reviewed

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 51–52.

The "Arena" and its Editor

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Julian Hawthorne Hawthorne, Julian (1846–1934) WBI
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, Camille Flammarion Flammarion, Camille (1842–1925) DSB
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, Arena Arena (1889–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Natural Law, Force, Heterodoxy | Spiritualism

People mentioned:

John E W Keely Keely, John Ernst Worrell (1827–98) WBI
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Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 56.

The New Review

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Camille Flammarion Flammarion, Camille (1842–1925) DSB
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, New Review New Review (1889–97) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Astronomy, Photography, Extra-Terrestrial Life


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 83.

The Mattei Committee

Anon

Genre:

Editorial

Subjects:

Disease, Medical Treatment, Controversy, Medical Practitioners, Quackery, Experiment, Observation, Error

People mentioned:

Cesare Mattei Mattei, Cesare (1809–96) WBI
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Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 85–87.

The German Magazines

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Sphinx Sphinx (1886–96) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Psychical Research, Periodicals


^^ Back to the top of this issue

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 110–17.

The Progress of the World

Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Editorial, News-Commentary

Subjects:

Railways, Engineering


    Reports on the 'worst railway crash in July' which occurred near Paris, and gives details of John Fowler's Fowler, Sir John, 1st Baronet (1817–98) ODNB
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report on the poor condition of the bridges owned by the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway Company London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway Company
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(117).



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 140.

The Ships of the Future. The McDougall Whaleback at Liverpool

Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Relevant illustrations:

photo. [2]

Subjects:

Steamships, Futurism


    Although it was 'at first sneered at as the dream of a crank', the McDougall Whaleback, the hull of which is 'built like the body of a whale', is now recognised as 'the ship of the future'.



Section: Leading Articles in the Reviews

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 143.

A Recantation of Malthusianism. By Mrs. Besant

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Annie Besant Besant (née Wood), Annie (1847–1933) ODNB
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, Lucifer Lucifer (1887–97) Theosophical Review (1897–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Materialism, Freethought, Population, Theosophy, Error, Eschatology


    Explains the reasons for Besant's 'latest change of front'. Having given up 'her Materialism [...] and substituted Theosophy for Atheism [...] Malthusianism has [now] followed Materialism into the limbo of no longer credible fallacies'. In opposition to her earlier neo-Malthusian calls for birth control, Besant now preaches that only through a life of ascetic 'self-control and self-denial' will men and women be able to develop the 'bodies and brains of a higher type' that will be theirs after reincarnation.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 145–46.

The Prince of Wales

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Funny Folks Funny Folks (1874–94) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Amusement, Societies, Chemistry, Morality


    Reprints a comic dialogue in which a morally reformed Prince Edward Edward VII, King of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas, Emperor of India (1841–1910) ODNB
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insists on 'no frivolity—no cards' and refuses to attend the races in favour of 'a discussion at the Chemical Society Chemical Society
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' on 'The Suspected Affinity of the Family of the Hydrofloisboiabominalenis for certain Members of the Group Tetrasulphoambustenchoxymanes' (146).



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 152.

Physiology and Psychology of the Jews

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu Leroy-Beaulieu, Anatole (b. 1842) WBI
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, Revue des Deux Mondes Revue des Deux Mondes (1831–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Race, Ethnology, Physiology, Psychology


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 155.

The African Madness. Is it a Political Epidemic? By Max Nordau

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Max S Nordau Nordau, Max Simon (originally Südfeld) (1849–1923) CBD
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, Asiatic Quarterly Review Asiatic Quarterly Review (1886–90) Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review (1891–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Imperialism, Degeneration


    In an article entitled 'Rabies Africana: The Degeneration of Europeans in Africa', Nordau claims that 'the zeal for annexing African territory is a veritable epidemic' that both harms the indigenous population and leads to the rapid degeneration of the European colonizers (155).



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 158.

Mr. L. N. Fowler's Eightieth Birthday

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Daniel S Lamont Lamont, Daniel Scott (1851–1905) WBI
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, Phrenological Magazine Phrenological Magazine (1880–96) Waterloo Directory
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Relevant illustrations:

eng.

Subjects:

Phrenology, Lecturing


    Records the eightieth birthday of Lorenzo N Fowler Fowler, Lorenzo Niles (1811–96) ODNB
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, a 'kind of phrenological bishop' whose tireless travelling and 'lecturing on bumps' makes him one of those 'minor shuttles of the English-speaking race which bind and weave together into one whole the web of the English family'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 161.

Heredity in Men and Nations

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Léon Daudet Daudet, Léon (1867–1942) CBD
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, Nouvelle Revue Nouvelle Revue (1879–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Heredity, Genius


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 169.

Some Strange Instincts of Cattle. Insanity or Crime?

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

William H Hudson Hudson, William Henry (1841–1922) ODNB
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, Longman's Magazine Longman's Magazine (1882–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Animal Behaviour, Instinct, Mental Illness


    Discusses 'certain strange instincts in cattle, which in some cases resemble insanity'. These include the excitement caused by the smell of blood, and the 'impulse to kill a weakly animal' shown by herds of healthy cows.



Section: The Reviews Reviewed

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 171–72.

The "Chautauquan" and its Editor

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Chautauquan Chautauquan (1880–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Societies, Education, Reading, Religion

Institutions mentioned:

Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, New York State Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, New York State
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Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 173.

The Contemporary Review

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

William Hastie Hastie, William (1842–1903) ODNB
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, Contemporary Review Contemporary Review (1866–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Anatomy, Natural Theology

People mentioned:

Rembrandt Rembrandt (properly Harmensz van Rijn) (1606–69) CBD
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Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 178.

The Arena

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Camille Flammarion Flammarion, Camille (1842–1925) DSB
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, Arena Arena (1889–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Spiritualism, Extra-Terrestrial Life, Force, Telegraphy


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 181–84.

The Polytechnic Invasion of Norway

Hy Simpson Lunn Lunn, Sir Henry Simpson (1859–1939) ODNB
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Genre:

Travelogue

Relevant illustrations:

photo., eng.

Subjects:

Institutions, Education, Class, Natural History, Amusement, Religion


    Describes a trip for 'clerks and mechanics' organised by the Regent Street Polytechnic Institute Regent Street Polytechnic Institute
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, which introduces the men to the natural history of the Norwegian fjords (181). Reports that 'we amused ourselves by watching for whales', and after successfully spotting 'three of Jonah's lifeboats', sang an impromptu concert of hymns (182).



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 185.

The French Reviews

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Jules E Rochard Rochard, Jules Eugène (1819–96) WBI
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, Revue des Deux Mondes Revue des Deux Mondes (1831–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Disease, Bacteriology, Medical Treatment, Error

People mentioned:

H H Robert Koch Koch, Heinrich Hermann Robert (1843–1910) DSB
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Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 195–96.

Some Foreign Military Periodicals

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Revue Maritime et Coloniale Revue Maritime et Coloniale (1861–96) European Library Portal
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Subjects:

Ethnography, Disease, Military Technology


^^ Back to the top of this issue

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 213–24.

The Progress of the World

Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Editorial, News-Commentary

Relevant illustrations:

table, eng.

Subjects:

Steamships, Military Technology, Public Health, Sanitation, Medical Practitioners, Error, Progress, Sex, Astronomy, Spectroscopy, Photography, Creation, Psychical Research, Scientific Practitioners


    Recent naval manoeuvres have created 'grave doubts as to the efficacy alike of the torpedo and the defensive netting provided against torpedo attack', and it seems likely that this nautical 'crinoline will be discarded in naval warfare' (216). In reporting Prince Edward's Edward VII, King of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas, Emperor of India (1841–1910) ODNB
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call for the prevention of disease through improved sanitation, insists that we must not become the 'bondslaves of the doctors' and 'sacrifice the liberty of all in order to save a few from the inconvenience of ill-health'. After all, in almost every age doctors 'have committed themselves to blunders which have made them the laughing-stock of their own profession in the next generation'. Although the medical profession has 'undoubtedly a splendid record of achievement to show as the result of improved sanitation', their 'greatest blunder [...] in this generation' has been the Contagious Diseases Act which attempted to eliminate 'syphilis by legislation' but instead only served to 'give an enormous stimulus to the vice by which it is propagated'. (221) With this ill-conceived piece of legislation doctors became 'the New Inquisitors'. At the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science British Association for the Advancement of Science
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at Cardiff, William Huggins's Huggins, Sir William (1824–1910) DSB ODNB
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presidential address described 'discoveries made in the starry heavens by the use of the spectroscope'. Although his account was not 'popularly intelligible', it left upon 'the mind a sense of the creative process of the first book of Genesis being endlessly renewed before our eyes in the star-sown deep of space'. At the same meeting 'one of the Presidents of the Parliament of Science [i.e. Oliver J Lodge Lodge, Sir Oliver Joseph (1851–1940) DSB ODNB
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] ventured mildly but firmly to enter his protest against the monstrous anti-scientific superstition of most men of science, that the occult phenomena of thought transference, clairvoyance and the like, ought not to be investigated'. At last, it seems that 'Light is breaking even in the darkest places of scientific arrogance and know-nothingism'. (222).



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 255–56.

Native Choristers from South Africa

Anon

Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Ethnography, Race, Imperialism, Display


    Describes a visit to the offices of the Review of Reviews Review of Reviews (1890–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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by 'almost the first South African natives who have ever visited this country'. In their nation-wide tour, the native choir, 'clad in the costumes of their ancestors', have 'succeeded in creating widespread interest, and have produced a perfectly new sensation' among 'the somewhat wearied public of the old country'. (255)



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 257–58.

Wanted, a Census of Ghosts! An Appeal to our Readers for Statistics of Hallucinations

Anon

Genre:

Editorial, Announcement

Subjects:

Supernaturalism, Psychical Research, Theory, Experimental Psychology


    Appeals to 'the half-million readers whose eyes will fall upon this page in all parts of the habitable world' to 'help the Psychical Research Society Society for Psychical Research
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in their most useful and suggestive inquiries' by sending in details of encounters with apparitions. Although confessing that he has 'never yet had the pleasure of interviewing a ghost', William T Stead Stead, William Thomas (1849–1912) ODNB
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insists that 'it is supremely unscientific not to believe in ghosts' for to 'reject all the mass of testimony [...] out of deference to a preconceived theory, is absolutely opposed to the scientific spirit'. Rather, the true inquirer must 'confine himself strictly and judicially to the collection and observation of facts', which has been 'the principle on which the Psychical Research Society has for several years pursued its most interesting labours' and has 'succeeded in establishing beyond all gainsaying [...] that apparitions really appear'. Furthermore, the 'discovery of the reality of what the Society calls the Phantasms of the Living', which provides new clues as to the 'nature and latent possibilities of human beings', removes the 'degree of creepiness' usually associated with 'all discussion concerning the ghosts of the dead'. (257)



Section: Leading Articles in the Reviews

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 265.

How I Shall Start for the North Pole. By Dr. Nansen

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Fridtjof Nansen Nansen, Fridtjof (1861–1930) DSB
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, Adolphus W Greely Greely, Adolphus Washington (1844–1935) WBI
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, Forum Forum (1886–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Relevant illustrations:

map

Subjects:

Exploration, Oceanography, Physical Geography, Meteorology


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 266.

Theosophy Made Easy; or, Milk for Babes. By Annie Besant

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Annie Besant Besant (née Wood), Annie (1847–1933) ODNB
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, Lucifer Lucifer (1887–97) Theosophical Review (1897–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Theosophy


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 279.

How Consumption is Spread. A Plea for the Spittoon. By Prof. Tyndall

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

John Tyndall Tyndall, John (1820–93) DSB
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, Fortnightly Review Fortnightly Review (1865–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Disease, Bacteriology, Sanitation

People mentioned:

Georg Cornet Cornet, Georg (1858–1915) WBI
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Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 280.

The Conquest of Life. By Increasing the Production of Plants

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Armand E-J Gautier Gautier, Armand Emile-Justin ( 1837–1920) DSB
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, Nouvelle Revue Nouvelle Revue (1879–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Agriculture, Population, Industrial Chemistry


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 287.

How to Save Coal and Gain Warmth

Anon

Genre:

Announcement

Subjects:

Invention, Patents, Heat, Industry


    Gives details of a recently 'patented [...] simple invention' which gives extra heat to homes while 'diminishing to an appreciable extent the waste of household coal'. The author, who claims to have used 'the invention both at the office and in my own house', draws attention to 'the reckless rate at which we are consuming the coal supply of the world', but also notes some disadvantages with this new method of heating.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 288.

Dr. Samuel Kennedy

Anon

Genre:

Announcement, Editorial

Subjects:

Medical Practitioners, Colleges, Medical Treatment, Heterodoxy, Boundary Formation


    Announces that Samuel Kennedy Kennedy, Samuel (fl. 1891–1900) RLIN
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, a leading advocate of Cesare Mattei's Mattei, Cesare (1809–96) WBI
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alleged cures for cancer, 'has been deprived of his F.R.C.S. by the College of Surgeons of Edinburgh Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
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for practising a secret remedy'.



Section: The Reviews Reviewed

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 296.

The National Review

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Walburga E H Paget Paget, Countess Walburga Ehrengarde Helena de (d. 1929) ODNB, s.v. Paget, Sir Augustus Berkeley
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, National Review National Review (1883–1900+) Sullivan 1984
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Subjects:

Vivisection, Gender


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 298.

The Arena

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Sara A Underwood Underwood (née Francis), Sara A (b. 1838) WBI
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, Arena Arena (1889–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Spiritualism, Materialism


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 301.

Is There a Cure for Leprosy? A Challenge from the Sandwich Islands

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

William H Barnes Barnes, William Henry (fl. 1885–1912) WBI
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, Weekly Bulletin (Honolulu) Weekly Bulletin (Honolulu) (cited 1891) RR1/4/3b/12
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Subjects:

Disease, Medical Treatment, Medical Practitioners, Heterodoxy


^^ Back to the top of this issue

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 323–37.

The Progress of the World

Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Editorial, News-Commentary

Subjects:

Theosophy, Eschatology


    In reporting the suicide of Georges E J M Boulanger Boulanger, Georges Ernest Jean Marie (1837–91) CBD
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, notes that 'if the creed of the Theosophists be true, suicide is surrounded with terrors at least equal to those of Dante's hell'. Indeed, the 'new science of occultism bids fair to rehabilitate the ghastly vision of the under world'. (337)



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 347.

The Census of Ghosts

Anon

Genre:

Editorial, Announcement

Subjects:

Supernaturalism, Psychical Research, Amateurism, Expertise, Experimental Psychology


    Complains at the 'most unscientific reluctance on the part of the ordinary citizen' to relate their experiences of phenomena 'which are usually regarded as fair game for [the] laughter of fools', and assures readers that all the experts who have 'investigated the subject and taken pains to examine the evidence' are 'perfectly convinced [...] that apparitions actually occur'. It is hoped that by means of the eventual 'Census of Ghosts', 'any person coming to take up his residence in any town or county will have at his hand a directory of ghosts, just as he now has a directory of the other less shadowy inhabitants of the place'. Another subject of investigation which requires the co-operation of readers is 'the fascinating question popularised by Louis Stevenson Stevenson, Robert Louis (1850–94) ODNB
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in his well known story of "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" Stevenson, Robert Louis 1886. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, London: Longmans, Green
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, namely, that of multiple personality'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 347.

A Suggestion for Psychical Researchers

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Frederic W H Myers Myers, Frederic William Henry (1843–1901) ODNB
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, Arena Arena (1889–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Psychical Research


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 349–67.

Character Sketch: October. Mrs. Annie Besant

Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Biography

Subjects:

Unbelief, Reading, Freethought, Gender, Lecturing, Secularism, Population, Sex, Morality, Socialism, Materialism, Theosophy, Miracle


    Announcing that Annie Besant Besant (née Wood), Annie (1847–1933) ODNB
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is 'one of my most intimate friends' (349), William T Stead Stead, William Thomas (1849–1912) ODNB
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relates how he had 'to put my foot down' in resisting 'an attempt to enforce even in these pages the policy of boycott that still prevails in certain obscure quarters' with regard to Besant's writings (350). Gives an account of Besant's eventful life, and her intellectual journey from High Anglicanism, through doubt, theism, atheism, freethought, neo-Malthusianism, socialism, materialism, and, finally, theosophy. It was her association with Moncure D Conway Conway, Moncure Daniel (1832–1907) CBD
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and, most importantly, Charles Bradlaugh Bradlaugh, Charles (1833–91) ODNB
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, that set Besant on the road to becoming 'the high priestess of infidelity', although she assumed that role only because of the essential 'religiousness of her irreligion' (360). Comments on her brave stand 'vindicating the right to print and publish physiological works, discussing the best method of checking the over multiplication of the population of the planet', and adds that, while it discusses candidly 'the most momentous of all the acts which human beings can perform', Charles Knowlton's Knowlton, Charles (1800–50) WBI
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neo-Malthusian book The Fruits of Philosophy Knowlton, Charles 1877. The Fruits of Philosophy: An Essay on the Population Question, new edn (with notes [by G. R., i.e. George Drysdale, and a preface by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant]), London: Freethought Publishing Co.
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is 'a judicious and scientific treatise on the physiology of the state into which' newly married couples 'propose to enter' (361). Neo-Malthusianism, which 'advises early marriage and the limitation of the family' through birth control, is at least preferable to the original doctrines of Thomas R Malthus Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766–1834) DSB
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, which have resulted in the 'shocking prostitution, which is the curse of every Christian city' (367). Concludes that Besant's 'conversion [...] from Materialism to a firmly based belief in the reality of the spiritual world' is a 'miracle' and 'an achievement much more wonderful [...] than the duplication of any number of teacups or the tinkling of whole peals of "astral bells"'. She brings to the Theosophists 'a zeal and an enthusiasm at least equal to that of H. P. B. Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna Hahn (1831–91) ODNB
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', and at last provides Blavatsky with a rightful 'heir and successor'. (366)



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 370–71.

"England at the End of the Century". Wanted, Volunteers to Co-Operate in Each Locality

Anon

Genre:

Editorial, Announcement

Subjects:

Amateurism, Naturalists, Class


    In attempting to establish a network of observers who will amass information on the nation that 'represents the highest point which the human race has yet attained', the writer comments that 'In making this appeal I wish to guard against the mistaken assumption that it is only ladies and gentlemen of leisure and culture who can render valuable service in this matter'. Rather, groups such as 'Local naturalists are [...] an excellent set of men who deserve a high place among those who constitute a veritable salt of the earth', although 'it is difficult to get in touch with these people; the best of them are very modest and need a great deal of persuading to convince them that they know anything of the slightest interest to the great world outside'. (371)



Section: Leading Articles in the Reviews

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 385.

The Warfare of the Future. The Flying Ship

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Hiram S Maxim Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens (1840–1916) ODNB
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, Century Magazine Century (1871–77) Scribner's Monthly (1877–81) Century Magazine (1881–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Military Technology, War, Futurism, Aeronautics, Steam-power


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 386.

Restoring Its Soul to an Idiot. A Remarkable Surgical Operation

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Harper's New Monthly Magazine Harper's New Monthly Magazine (1850–99) Harper's Monthly Magazine (1899–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Surgery, Antiseptics, Neurology, Soul, Monstrosities


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 388.

Do Inebriate Asylums Cure Inebriates? The Result of American Experience

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Thomas D Crothers Crothers, Thomas Davison (b. 1842) WBI
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, North American Review North American Review (1815–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Mental Illness, Narcotics, Temperance


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 388.

Is Habit Hereditary? Yes—to the Third and Fourth Generation

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Thomas D Crothers Crothers, Thomas Davison (b. 1842) WBI
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, North American Review North American Review (1815–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Heredity, Instinct


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 391.

The Vampire Vine

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Lucifer Lucifer (1887–97) Theosophical Review (1897–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Botany, Monstrosities, Fear


    Describes a Nicaraguan 'vine called by the natives "the devil's snare"' which is 'as horrible as the devil fish [...] the octopus, which has hitherto been regarded as the most hateful and horrible of all created things'. The vampiric vine 'seems literally to drain the blood of any living thing which comes within its death-dealing touch'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 397.

The Future of the Electric Railway

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Frank J Sprague Sprague, Frank Julian (1857–1934) WBI
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, Forum Forum (1886–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Railways, Electricity, Futurism


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 398.

How Trees Fight for Life. A Scene from a Tropical Forest

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

James Rodway Rodway, James (1848–1926) WBI
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, Timehri Timehri (British Guiana) (1882–1900) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Botany, Darwinism


    Relates how the vegetation in tropical rain forests fights 'to get to the top, where alone there is sunlight' with such intensity that 'for a time you almost regard the trees as living beings which tear with tiger claws at each other's vitals'. Even the most beautiful tropical trees, then, experience an 'intense [...] struggle for existence'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 401.

How to Improve the Race. Marry from the Point of View of Offspring

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Monist Monist (1890–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Eugenics, Heredity


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 401.

The Dangers of Spiritualism. A Warning. By Mrs. Besant

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Annie Besant Besant (née Wood), Annie (1847–1933) ODNB
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, Lucifer Lucifer (1887–97) Theosophical Review (1897–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Theosophy, Spiritualism, Eschatology, Morality


    Gives 'the Theosophical view of the dangers which attend spiritualistic séances'. After death the 'desire or lusts of the human frame [...] takes form as an astral body' known as 'Kama Rupa'. This is the 'uncanniest entity in the invisible world', existing 'without conscience' and with 'habits [...] as objectionable as its morals, if morals it can be said to have'. During spiritualistic séances 'mediums of a low type attract these undesirable visitors'.



Section: The Reviews Reviewed

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 404–05.

Fortnightly Review

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Alfred R Wallace Wallace, Alfred Russel (1823–1913) DSB
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, Fortnightly Review Fortnightly Review (1865–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Botany, Environmentalism, Biogeography


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 411–12.

The French Reviews

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Gabriel Séailles Séailles, Gabriel (b. 1852) WBI
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, Revue des Deux Mondes Revue des Deux Mondes (1831–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Scientific Practitioners, Methodology, Observation

People mentioned:

Leonardo Da Vinci Da Vinci, Leonardo (1452–1519) DSB
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^^ Back to the top of this issue

Section: Leading Articles in the Reviews

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 474.

One Soul, or Many? The Latest Word of Psychology

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Alfred J E Fouillée Fouillée, Alfred Jules Emile (b. 1838) WBI
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, Revue des Deux Mondes Revue des Deux Mondes (1831–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Experimental Psychology, Organicism, Soul


    Although 'the human being is an aggregation of many beings brought into immediate communication with each other' and our 'individuality' is 'made up of myriads of lesser individualities', Fouillée disputes Alfred Binet's Binet, Alfred (1857–1911) DSB
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assertion that there are 'several distinct personalities' within each human psyche. Rather, he maintains that this theory 'arises from an indistinctness of the prevailing conception of identity' which fails to account fully for the operations of 'sub-consciousness'. (474)


See also:

Anon, 'Jekyll and Hyde in Science. Have we More Souls than One?', Review of Reviews, 3 (1891), 245


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 475.

The Census of Ghosts and Religion. The Bearing Upon the Christian Faith

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Henry Kendall Kendall, Henry (fl. 1888) RLIN
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, Primitive Methodist Quarterly Review Primitive Methodist Quarterly Review (1879–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Supernaturalism, Religion, Psychical Research


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 476.

Theosophy and Christianity. By Mrs. Annie Besant

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Annie Besant Besant (née Wood), Annie (1847–1933) ODNB
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, Lucifer Lucifer (1887–97) Theosophical Review (1897–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Theosophy, Christianity


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 477.

How We Made Rain. By a Modern Rain-Maker

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Robert G Dyrenforth Dyrenforth, Gen Robert G (fl. 1891) RR1/4/5a/4
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, Simon Newcomb Newcomb, Simon (1835–1909) DSB
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, North American Review North American Review (1815–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Metrology, Heterodoxy, Anti-Scientism


    Reports on the 'recent successful experiments carried on in the far west of America to produce rain by explosives'. The following article, however, 'demonstrates conclusively that it is absolutely impossible to make rain in any such way' and 'is chiefly valuable as an illustration of the positive assurance with which scientific men are ready to demonstrate that to be impossible which has already been done'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 478.

The Application of Hypnotism. By Dr. Tuckey

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Charles L Tuckey Tuckey, Charles Lloyd (1855–1925) WIVP
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, Contemporary Review Contemporary Review (1866–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Mesmerism, Medical Treatment


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 478.

Against Madame Blavatsky. By Mr. Moncure D. Conway

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Moncure D Conway Conway, Moncure Daniel (1832–1907) CBD
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, Arena Arena (1889–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Theosophy, Miracle, Charlatanry

People mentioned:

Helena P H Blavatsky Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna Hahn (1831–91) ODNB
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Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 495.

How to Cure Drunkenness. By One Who has Been Cured

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

John F Mines Mines, John Flavel (1835–91) WBI
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, North American Review North American Review (1815–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Narcotics, Temperance, Medical Treatment, Heterodoxy

People mentioned:

Leslie E Keeley Keeley, Leslie E (1832–1900) WBI
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Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 498.

The Experimental Test of the Mattei Medicine

Anon

Genre:

Editorial, Announcement

Subjects:

Disease, Medical Treatment, Controversy, Medical Practitioners, Quackery, Experiment, Observation, Monographs

People mentioned:

Cesare Mattei Mattei, Cesare (1809–96) WBI
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    Notes that 'the progress of the experimental test' has not been reported recently because with the 'cases being under the committee, I am precluded from reporting on them while the matter is, as it were, sub judice'. In the mean time, interested readers are advised to refer to Samuel Kennedy's Kennedy, Samuel (fl. 1891–1900) RLIN
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newly published 'shilling volume' Is Cancer Curable? Kennedy, Samuel [1891]. Is Cancer Curable? The Cancer Controversy: Mattei v. the Knife. With Epitome of Mattei Treatment of Cancer and General Diseases, London: D. Stott
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.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 500.

"Darwinism in the Nursery". Curious Experiments with Babies

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Louis Robinson Robinson, Louis (b. 1857) WBI
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, Nineteenth Century Nineteenth Century (1877–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Experiment, Darwinism, Human Species, Descent, Periodicals, Photography


    Reports on the series of experiments which this 'ingenious doctor' has conducted upon children of less than a month old. The children's remarkable ability to 'hang by the hand to a bar', in which they resemble 'little apes [...] clinging to their mothers', gives strong support to the 'Darwinian theory of our Simian origin'. Also notes critically that 'Mr. Knowles Knowles, Sir James Thomas (1831–1908) ODNB
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has not yet developed sufficient enterprise to enable him to publish Dr. Robinson's photographs'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 505.

Two Grand Old Scientists

Anon

Genre:

Announcement

Subjects:

Scientific Practitioners, Heroism, Patronage, Politics


    In commemorating the seventieth birthdays of Hermann von Helmholtz Helmholtz, Hermann von (1821–94) DSB
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and Rudolf C Virchow Virchow, Rudolf Carl (1821–1902) DSB
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, comments that the 'Germans, at any rate, cannot be accused of ignoring the heroes in their midst'. However, the 'very complimentary [Imperial] telegram' sent to Helmholtz on his birthday is 'a great contrast to the silence which the Emperor Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia (1859–1941) CBD
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has as yet observed on the occasion of Professor Virchow's similar celebration', and the 'inference is that the politics of the Professor, who was a member of the Freisinnige Partei, debarred him from Imperial recognition'.



Section: The Reviews Reviewed

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 509–10.

The Nineteenth Century

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

James Sully Sully, James (1842–1923) ODNB
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, Alexander T Innes Innes, Alexander Taylor (1833–1912) WBI
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, Nineteenth Century Nineteenth Century (1877–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Evolution, Reason | Psychical Research


^^ Back to the top of this issue

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 551–55.

After Two Years

Anon

Genre:

Editorial

Subjects:

Periodicals, Disease, Medical Treatment, Controversy, Medical Practitioners, Quackery, Experiment, Observation, Psychical Research, Scientific Practitioners


    Boasts that after two years the Review of Reviews Review of Reviews (1890–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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is 'a magazine which, it is hardly too much to say, has come to be recognised as a necessity of civilization'. As well as having a 'circulation of well on to 200,000 copies in all parts of the English-speaking world', the 'whole REVIEW, from first to last, has been dominated by a great Ideal, and almost every page has borne witness to a living faith'. (551) Gives details of the various campaigns pursued by the Review in the last two years, including 'the effort [...] made to test the efficacy of the Mattei Mattei, Cesare (1809–96) WBI
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remedies as a cure for cancer'. Observes that it was the 'counsel of Professor Huxley Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825–95) DSB
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' that 'defined the nature of the experiment' currently taking place in a hospital cancer ward. Also remarks on 'the extension of the range of subjects with which the REVIEW is practically concerned to the other side of the grave'. Indeed, 'If, as some of the ablest scientists of the day believe, it be possible to secure a scientific demonstration of the persistence of the personality of man after death, then it is impossible for a review such as this to exclude the phenomena which establish so tremendous a proposition from the calm, clear, and searching light of scientific observation'. (555)



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 556–63.

The Progress of the World

Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Editorial, News-Commentary

Subjects:

Electricity, Railways, Futurism, Energy, Matter Theory, Physics, Heterodoxy


    While Thomas A Edison Edison, Thomas Alva (1847–1931) DSB
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is 'holding out a prospect of an electrical railway' in which the carriages will travel at 'the rate of a hundred miles an hour', William Crookes Crookes, Sir William (1832–1919) DSB ODNB
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'has been appalling the imagination of the electrical engineers by telling them of the enormous possibilities of energy stored up in matter'. Most significantly, however, 'that strange genius' John E W Keely Keely, John Ernst Worrell (1827–98) WBI
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has claimed to have 'discovered the secret of liberating the enormous energy that is locked up in every atom' by a 'certain vibration' that 'ruptures the envelope in which the molecules revolve'. Notes that 'Of course, if Keeley [sic] is right, we are on the eve of a revolution compared with which the utilisation of steam was as nothing; and it must be admitted that Mr. Crookes and other men of science have at least enabled ordinary mortals to admit the possibility that "there may be something in Keely after all"'. (563)



Section: Leading Articles in the Reviews

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 590.

Mark Twain Among the Prophets. How he Discovered Telepathy

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Mark Twain Twain, Mark (Samuel Langhorne Clemens) (1835–1910) CBD
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, Harper's New Monthly Magazine Harper's New Monthly Magazine (1850–99) Harper's Monthly Magazine (1899–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Discovery, Psychical Research


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 594.

Down with the Decimals! The Latest American Crusade

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

William B Smith Smith, William Benjamin (1850–1934) WBI
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, Educational Review Education (1890–91) Educational Review (1891–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Mathematics


    Observes that the 'English-speaking man [...] can lift up his head in pride when he reads [...] that his refusal to count by tens instead of by twelves is the hallmark of a superior civilization'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 595.

Two New Yankee Inventions. Ramie and Lactitis

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

American Catholic Quarterly Review American Catholic Quarterly Review (1876–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Invention, Industry, Steam-power


    Reports on 'two remarkable inventions, of which we shall hear something more in this country before long'. The first is 'the use of ramie fibre as a material for the manufacture of steam pipes', and the second is a process by which 'artificial ivory is to be made, in the future, out of milk'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 598.

Count Mattei and His Medicines. M. Venturoli Mattei in London

Anon

Genre:

Editorial, Announcement

Subjects:

Disease, Medical Treatment, Controversy, Medical Practitioners, Quackery, Experiment, Observation

People mentioned:

Mario Venturoli-Mattei Venturoli-Mattei, Mario ()fl. 1890–99 RLIN
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Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 599.

Among the Kalmyyki

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Hans S Kaarsberg Kaarsberg, Hans Sophus () WBICOPAC
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, Tilskueren Tilskueren (1884–1900+) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Degeneration, Anthropology, Disease


    Attempts to make 'mince-meat of the whole unsalubrious decadence doctrine of the anti-culturalists, by proving that amongst the uncivilised races there exists as much of ill-health, discontent, and misery as amongst the cultured'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 600.

My Experience in Phrenology. By W. T. Stead

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

William T Stead Stead, William Thomas (1849–1912) ODNB
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, Phrenological Magazine Phrenological Magazine (1880–96) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Phrenology, Education, Morality


    Concludes that 'there is a good deal in phrenology, quite enough to make it well worth while for teachers and parents to submit the heads of their children to phrenological examination'. Also notes that of the 'moral aspect of phrenology I need say nothing more than this, that like most of the modern sciences it tends towards charity'.



Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 602.

What is Farming Coming to. An American Dream of the Future

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

Charles S Plumb Plumb, Charles Sumner (1860–1939) WBI
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, New England Magazine New England Magazine (1886–1900+) RLIN
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Subjects:

Agriculture, Futurism


Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 608.

The Music of Birds

Anon

Genre:

Abstract

Publications abstracted:

John F Rowbotham Rowbotham, John Frederick (1854–1925) WBI
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, Good Words Good Words (1860–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Ornithology, Music


Section: The Reviews Reviewed

Review of Reviews,  4 (1891), 616–17.

The Nineteenth Century

Anon

Genre:

Review, Abstract

Publications reviewed:

Marc A Ruffer Ruffer, Sir Marc Armand (1859–1917) DSB
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, Nineteenth Century Nineteenth Century (1877–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Medical Treatment, Bacteriology


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