Science in the 19th Century Periodical

The Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine [3rd]

Introductory Essay
Volume 3  (January to December 1824)

Section: Divinity

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 21.

Natural Religion. (From the Rev. Prebendary Dennis's Answer to Manning)

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Jonas Dennis Dennis, Jonas (1765?–1846) WBI
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Subjects:

Natural Theology, Biblical Authority, Ancient Authorities, Infidelity


    Asserts that natural religion 'is a mere phantom of the imagination, which ought never to be named among Christians'. Argues that revelation is coeval with the creation, and that even the 'heathen philosophers' derived their knowledge of religion, insofar as it was correct, from tradition, the Bible, or the Jews. Observes: 'The theory of Natural Religion, first proposed to supply arguments against Atheists, has contributed to convert thousands into Deists [....]; many of whom derive weapons from the writings of the professed advocates of revealed religion, which they use for the purpose of destroying revelation itself'.



Section: Miscellaneous Communications

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 24–29.

On our Lord's Descent into Hell

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W—, London W— (of London)
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Biblical Authority, Cosmology, Ancient Authorities


    Discussing the meaning of Christ's descent into hell observes: 'I shall not here urge that, in a philosophic sense, descent is as proper a term as ascent [...] but as all who know anything of the ancient Greeks will recollect, that they placed their Hades within, or as they would say, below the earth; so that circumstance may be supposed to have given rise to a common mode of expression on such subjects' (27).



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 30–32.

The Weakness and Wickedness of an Infidel: Or the Awful Story of William Beadle Beadle, William (1730–1782) WBI
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. (From President Dwight's "Travels in New-England and New York", Vol. 1. pp. 195–200.—See our Select List for December, 1823, p. 818)

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Anon

Genre:

Extract

Publications extracted:

Dwight 1823 Dwight, Timothy 1823. Travels in New-England and New-York, 4 vols, London: William Baynes and Son, and Ogle, Duncan & Co.; Edinburgh: H. S. Baynes and Co.
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Subjects:

Infidelity, Materialism, Biblical Authority, Crime, Immorality


    Relates of Beadle that 'in his writings, which were numerous, he professed himself a Deist, and declared that man was, in his opinion, a mere machine, unaccountable for his actions, and incapable of either virtue or vice' (31). He also rejected the idea of revelation with contempt. Describes his murder of his wife and children and his own suicide, following a financial loss.



Section: Review

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 33–40.

[Review of The Christian Philosopher, by Thomas Dick]

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Anon

Genre:

Review

Publications reviewed:

Dick 1823 Dick, Thomas 1823. The Christian Philosopher; or, The Connection of Science and Philosophy with Religion, Glasgow: William Collins; London: Whittaker & Co.
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Subjects:

Theology of Nature, Piety, Reasoning, Natural Philosophy, Feeling, Scientific Practitioners, Authorship, Reading, Education, Error, Natural Theology, Biblical Authority, Wonder

People mentioned:

John Ray, Ray, John (1627–1705) DSB
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William Derham, Derham, William (1657–1735) DSB
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Christoph C Sturm Sturm, Christoph Christian (1740–86) WBI
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Publications cited:

Derham 1713, Derham, William 1713. Physico-Theology; or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, from His Works of Creation: Being the Substance of XVI Sermons Preached in St. Mary le Bow-Church, London, at the Honble Mr. Boyle's Lectures, in the Years 1711 and 1712. With Large Notes, and Many Curious Observations Never Before Published, London: W. Innys
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Derham 1715, Derham, William 1715. Astro-Theology; or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, from a Survey of the Heavens, London: W. Innys
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Hervey 1746, Hervey, James 1746. Meditations among the Tombs: In a Letter to a Lady, London: J. and J. Rivington; Bath: J. Leake
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Sturm 1788, Sturm, C. C. 1788. Reflections on the Works of God, and of His Providence throughout all Nature, for Every Day in the Year. Translated First from the German of Mr. C. C. Sturm, into French; and Now from the French into English. By a Lady, 3 vols, Edinburgh: N. R. Cheyne
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Paley 1802, Paley, William 1802. Natural Theology; or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity: Collected from the Appearances of Nature, [London]: R. Faulder
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Chalmers 1817 Chalmers, Thomas 1817. A Series of Discourses on the Christian Revelation, Viewed in Connection with the Modern Astronomy, Glasgow: John Smith and Son; Edinburgh: William Whyte; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown [and 4 others]
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    Asserts that '[t]he connexion of the knowledge of nature with religion and piety, is [...] a matter determined less by reasoning than by authority'. Regrets that in 'modern times', natural philosophy 'has too often been disconnected with sentiments of religion, and, not unfrequently, been arrayed in opposition to it'. Considers that most modern natural philosophers have shown no sign of piety, and that 'most books of science have generally avoided, with apparent design and care, every observation or allusion, which migh texpose the writer to a sneer as a religionist or a fanatic'. Contrasts the scientific books of the last half century with those of Francis Bacon (1st Viscount St Alban) Bacon, Francis, 1st Viscount St Alban (1561–1626) DSB ODNB
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, Isaac Newton Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) DSB
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, and Robert Boyle Boyle, Hon Robert (1627–91) DSB ODNB
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. Concludes that 'philosophic knowledge' has no power 'to create right and truly religous feelings'. (33) Notes, however, that there have been 'many honourable exceptions' to 'this indifference or hostility of scientific men to religion'. Knowing the good ends to which 'philosophical knowledge' can be turned, especially among the young, the reviewer was pleased by the appearance of Thomas Dick's Dick, Thomas (1774–1857) ODNB
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The Christian Philosopher. However, he has been both 'gratified and disappointed' in the book, 'and that in no ordinary degree'. Dick is a knowledgeable and able exponent of natural philosophy, but he has 'mixed up his subject with much irrelevant matter, and has assumed some false principles'. The book is not a long wished-for 'elementary treatise on Natural Science', combining knowledge of nature with scriptural knowledge of the atonement. Instead, it is 'a work on that mixed subject, which has been usually called "Natural Theology"'. Compared to William Paley's Paley, William (1743–1805) DSB
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Natural Theology, the argument is not clearly stated, but is rather 'a congeries of reflections'. Objects to Dick's 'resentment at the indifference of the Professors and Teachers of religion to philosophy', though considers the author 'a believer in Revelation' and 'a devout and religious man'. Disputes his claim that religious people are ignorant and narrow minded, noting the popularity among religious people of books 'which treat of the Works of God, in connexion with religion'. (34) Disputes that the clergy should make their sermons more 'philosophical', arguing that 'the works of GOD' are frequently introduced in sermons to provide appropriate illustrations. Argues that Dick's views are based on 'erroneous opinions respecting the efficacy of natural science as a medium of religious impression'. Considers that a feeling of wonder at nature is not itself a religious impression, and that 'philosophical' knowledge of nature is not necessary (but is, if anything, detrimental) to a religious appreciation of creation. Criticizes Dick for accusing Paley of plagiarism when he 'is himself more eminently and obviously so'. (35) Considers that, without Dick's complaints, the work 'would be a very interesting addition to our standard works on Natural Theology', and hopes for an improved second edition (36). Includes lengthy extracted quotations as specimens of the work.



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 41.

Select List of Books Recently Published, Chiefly Religious: With Occasional Characteristic Notices

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Review

Publications reviewed:

Time's Telescope (1824) Time's Telescope (1814–34) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Education, Amusement, Authorship


Section: Missionary Notices, Relating Principally to the Foreign Missions Carried on Under the Direction of the Methodist Conference

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 53–57.

Missions in Southern Africa

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract, Letter

Publications extracted:

Thomas L Hodgson Hodgson, Thomas Laidman (1787–1850) WBI
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, Samuel Broadbent Broadbent, Samuel (d. 1865) WBI
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Subjects:

Exploration, Christianity, Physical Geography, Ethnography, Religion

Publications cited:

Campbell 1822 Campbell, John 1822. Travels in South Africa, Undertaken at the Request of the London Missionary Society: Being a Narrative of a Second Journey in the Interior of that Country, 2 vols, London: Francis Westley
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Section: Obituary

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 63–64.

[Obituary of Margaret Malley Malley, Margaret (of Preston) (1781/2–1823) WM3/3/1e/7
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]

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D Walton Walton, Daniel (d. 1862) WBI
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Genre:

Obituary

Subjects:

Education, Piety


    Relates that Margaret Malley took her 'duty to her children' most seriously: 'Their health, their morals, their proficiency in useful knowledge, but, above all, their salvation, were the subjects of her inquiry, of her exhortations, and of her prayers' (63).



Section: Poetry

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 70–72.

Time, Contemplated in its Connexion with the Display of the Divine Perfections: An Ode for the New Year

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A B, London B, A (of London)
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Genre:

Poetry

Subjects:

Time, Theology of Nature, Creation, Wonder, Piety


Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 72.

What is Time?

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Joshua Marsden Marsden, Joshua (of Newark) (fl. 1823) WM3/2/5f/14
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Genre:

Poetry

Subjects:

Time, Astronomy, Instruments, Piety


    One stanza reads: 'I ask'd the golden sun and silver spheres, / Those bright chronometers of days and years; / They answer'd, "Time is but a meteor's glare", / And bade me for Eternity prepare'.



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Section: Miscellaneous Communications

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 102–08.

Remarks on the Study of the Arabic Language: With Hints to Travellers in Mohammedan Countries, &c.

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A Lover of the Arabic Language Lover of the Arabic Language, A
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Genre:

Introduction / Letter

Subjects:

Travel, Ethnography, Epidemiology, Disease, Medical Treatment, Medical Practitioners, Race, Philosophy, Exploration, Palaeontology

People mentioned:

Aristotle, Aristotle (384–322 BC) DSB
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Mungo Park Park, Mungo (1771–1806) ODNB
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    Urges the value of travelling to Arabic-speaking countries for the purposes of learning the language, and gives advice about respecting social customs. Gives advice about avoiding disease, including the plague, dysentery, and ophthalmia. Observes: 'The respect paid in the East to European physicians has been long noticed; and every European is, to a certain extent, expected to act as a physician. It would therefore be important to one who was professedly preparing himself to travel, to possess himself of as much knowledge as possible, both of medicine and surgery' (106). Discusses the knowledge of Arabic of many 'Mohammedan Negroes'. Gives an extract from an Arabic book, copied by 'a Negro of the Foulah country', which betrays 'communication with the Aristotelian philosophy'. Sees this as evidence that 'the interior of Africa is in a different state from what is generally imagined' and that it is 'destined to have its period of light and knowledge in its turn'. (107) Urges the value of a knowledge of Arabic for African explorers. Highlights the apparent historical interconnections of India and Africa, including the apparent knowledge of Asiatic animal species in Egypt, concluding that '[o]bservations of this nature, like those on the fossil remains of animals, will probably end in some remarkable illustration of the early history of mankind' (108).



Section: Review

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 110–17.

[Review of Sermons Preached in St. John's Church, Glasgow, by Thomas Chalmers]  [1/2]Anon, '[Review of Sermons Preached in St. John's Church, Glasgow, by Thomas Chalmers]', Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine, 3rd ser. 3 (1824), 177–86

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Anon

Genre:

Review, Serial

Publications extracted:

Chalmers 1823b Chalmers, Thomas 1823b. Sermons Preached in St. John's Church, Glasgow, Glasgow: Chalmers and Collins
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Subjects:

Political Economy, Christianity, Natural Law, Instinct, Causation, Chemistry, Laboratories, Gender, Experiment, Display, Societies, Discovery, Biblical Authority, Piety


    Notes Thomas Chalmers's Chalmers, Thomas (1780–1847) ODNB
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sudden rise to 'celebrity' and praises his 'generalizing faculty which seizes the philosophy of a subject' (110). Quotes Chalmers' apology for including two sermons on 'Christian Economy'. Chalmers observes: 'I have been led by experience to feel the religious importance of their subject, and I think that much injury has been sustained by the souls of our people from the neglect of obvious principles, both in the business of education, and in the business of public charity'. Applauds Chalmers sermon on 'The constancy of GOD in his Works, an argument for the faithfulness of GOD in his Word', giving a précis and extracts. Chalmers invokes the notion developed in the Scottish common-sense school of philosophy that 'GOD hath planted a universal instinct, by which all are led to believe, that Nature will persevere in her wonted courses'. (111) He refers to the chemist putting nature (which is feminized) 'to the torture', continuing: 'When tried in his hottest furnace, or probed, by his searching analysis, to her innermost arcana, she by a spark, or an explosion, or an effervescence, or an evolving substance, makes her distinct replies to his investigations' (111–12). Chalmers observes that the replication of such experiments (as also science more generally) relies on the immutability of God, and argues from this for the constancy of God in being faithful to 'his word' (112).



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 119–21.

Select List of Books Recently Published, Chiefly Religious: With Occasional Characteristic Notices

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Literary Notice

Publications noticed:

Parkinson 1822 Parkinson, James 1822. Introduction to the Study of Fossil Organic Remains, Especially those Found in the British Strata, Intended to Aid the Student in his Enquiries Respecting the Nature of Fossils and their Connexion with the Formation of the Earth, London: printed for the author
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Subjects:

Palaeontology, Geology


Section: Missionary Notices, Relating Principally to the Foreign Missions Carried on Under the Direction of the Methodist Conference

Subsection: West Indian Missions

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 127–34.

Barbadoes

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract, Letter; Introduction; Extract, Reportage

Publications extracted:

William J Shrewsbury Shrewsbury, William J (fl. 1815–66) Methodist Ministers
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Subjects:

Chemistry, Pharmaceuticals, Crime


    William J Shrewsbury's letter describes how opponents of the Methodist mission prepared thin glass bottles filled with 'a mixture of oil and asafoetida' which they then threw among the congregation during a Sunday service (129).



Subsection: Extracts from the Publications of Other Missionary Societies

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 135–37.

London Missionary Society London Missionary Society
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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract, Reportage

Publications extracted:

Robert Moffat Moffat, Robert (1795–1883) ODNB
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, Missionary Chronicle Missionary Chronicle (1813–36) Missionary Magazine and Chronicle (1837–66) Chronicle of the London Missionary Society (1867–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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[2] South-Africa

Subjects:

Ethnography, War



Section: Obituary

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 140–41.

[Obituary of Mrs Stoner Stoner, Mrs (1761/2–1823) WM3/3/2d/6
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]

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Anon

Genre:

Obituary

Subjects:

Disease, Medical Treatment, Gender


    Relates that '[t]he disorder that terminated her life was a cancer in the breast, which had long been festering before she mentioned it to any Medical Gentleman. When she at length stated her case to an eminent Surgeon, he expressed a fear it was too far gone to be checked; and so it proved' (140).



Section: Poetry

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 144.

Lines Written for the Album of a Persian Gentleman

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A B, London B, A (of London)
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Genre:

Poetry

Subjects:

Astronomy, Theology of Nature, Piety


    Begins: 'By the light of yon planet, whose pale orb was gliding / Through oceans of ether, I pensively stray'd / I saw o'er the universe WISDOM presiding, / And ask'd why the spirit of man she had made'. The answer given by Urania (descending from her seat on the wings of a cherub, with the firmament at her feet) is that man was made for probation followed by ultimate immortality in the presence of 'the JUDGE'.



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 144.

Inscription in a Hermit's Cell. By Mr. Wordsworth Wordsworth, William (1770–1850) ODNB
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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Poetry

Publications extracted:

William Wordsworth Wordsworth, William (1770–1850) ODNB
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Subjects:

Astronomy, Navigation, Electricity, Meteorology, Piety


    Contrasts the untrustworthiness of material things with the trustworthiness of God. One stanza observes that if the 'confiding bark [...] trust the stars above, / They can be treacherous too'. A second stanza observes that a ship can draw 'lightning down upon the head / It promised to defend'.



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Section: Miscellaneous Communications

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 162–64.

The Wesleyan Methodist. (No. XIV.) A Plea, Addressed to the Methodist Societies, in Behalf of a Neglected Home-Population

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L L
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Genre:

Regular Feature, Essay

Subjects:

Machinery, Christianity


    Reviewing the history of Methodism, in which all temporary hindrances have ultimately been overcome, observes: 'For a moment the operations of the great machine might be disordered by the obstructions thrown in its way; but immediately on their removal, it moved with superior harmony and effect' (162).



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 173.

Perpetual Fires of the Brahmuns. (From "The Friend of India", published at Serampore)

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Reportage

Publications extracted:

Friend of India Friend of India (1818–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Ethnography, Religion


Section: Review

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 177–86.

[Review of Sermons Preached in St. John's Church, Glasgow, by Thomas Chalmers]  [2/2]Anon, '[Review of Sermons Preached in St. John's Church, Glasgow, by Thomas Chalmers]', Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine, 3rd ser. 3 (1824), 110–17

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Anon

Genre:

Review, Serial

Publications extracted:

Chalmers 1823b Chalmers, Thomas 1823b. Sermons Preached in St. John's Church, Glasgow, Glasgow: Chalmers and Collins
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Subjects:

Christianity, Theology of Nature, Natural Law, Human Species, Philosophical Psychology, Infidelity, Piety, Reasoning, Feeling, Reading, Biblical Authority


    Criticizes Chalmers' sermon on predestination, quoting his use of an analogy between the laws of material nature and of human action: 'Every step of every individual character receives as determinate a character from the hand of GOD, as every mile of a planet's orbit, or every gust of wind, or every wave of the sea, or every particle of flying dust, or every rivulet of flowing water' (178). Argues that Chalmers makes all human actions, including sinful ones, the direct result of divine action. Suggests that in combating the errors of one set of infidel philosophers, 'who exclude the divine agency entirely', he has fallen into the error of another set, making 'GOD the efficient in every thing, good and evil'. Reviews the 'practical use of piety and zeal' to which Chalmers' principles can be turned, and reflects that, while 'the tide of good feeling' in Chalmers' sermon would not lead readers astray, his reasonings might provide readers with an 'excuse' for going astray. (179) Discusses Chalmers' view of the human will, arguing that he is wrong to claim that it is 'a merely passive instrument in the hand of GOD' (184). Argues, however, that it is also bad philosophy to consider the human will an entirely independent principle, and suggests that it is influenced by the affections and understanding, which are susceptible to divine action. Observes: 'For the philosophy which walks with Revelation into all her beauteous paths of holiness, justice, and mercy, and gives glory to GOD, and sheds benevolence on man, we thank every man whose intellect has created, or whose fancy has adorned it;—and to few are our obligations more due than to our Author;—but science is most unfortunately employed, if, in driving out roads in new courses, it heaps up the soil of the beaten track, obliterates the direction of the very King's highway, and converts it into a quagmire' (185).



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 186.

Select List of Books Recently Published, Chiefly Religious: With Occasional Characteristic Notices

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Literary Notice

Publications noticed:

Wyld 1823 Wyld, James 1823. Geographia Sacra; or, Scripture Atlas: Comprising a Complete Set of Maps, Adapted to Elucidated the Events of Sacred History, and Which Point Out the Situation of Every Place Mentioned in the Old and New Testament, London: G. and W. B. Whittaker
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Subjects:

Physical Geography, Biblical Authority


Section: Varieties

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 193.

Wonderful Progress of Mechanical Invention

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Anon

Genre:

Abstract, Address

Publications abstracted:

Benjamin A Heywood Heywood, Benjamin Arthur (1755–1828) Anon 1970
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Liverpool Royal Institution Liverpool Royal Institution
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Subjects:

Societies, Lecturing, Invention, Progress, Nationalism, Machinery, Manufactories, Industry, Political Economy, Steam-power, Education, Steamships, Vaccination, Chemistry, Government, Patronage, Instruments, Mathematics, Utility, Expertise, Genius

People mentioned:

Adam Smith, Smith, Adam (1723–90) ODNB
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Pierre C F Dupin, Dupin, Pierre-Charles-François (1784–1873) DSB
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Charles Babbage Babbage, Charles (1792–1871) DSB
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    Reviews the increasing importance of machinery in manufactures, and its relation to manual labour. Appraises the recent increase in 'scientific acquirements' in the country, particularly celebrating the patronage of Charles Babbage's calculating machine. Considers such developments an encouragement to the Liverpool Royal Institution to maintain its endeavours, observing: 'Invention might have passed the bounds which uneducated talent and uncultivated genius could hope to reach. [...] Study might be hereafter necessary to open the way to distinction in every useful art; and the lecture and model rooms become absolutely necessary to the development even of the greatest natural mechanical genius'.



Section: Missionary Notices, Relating Principally to the Foreign Missions Carried on Under the Direction of the Methodist Conference

Subsection: Missions in Southern Africa

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 200–03.

Albany and Caffre Missions

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Letter



[4] Extract of a Letter from Mr. Kay Kay, Stephen (1796–1852) WBI
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, Dated Graham's Town, Nov. 13th, 1823

Subjects:

Engineering, Engineers, Christianity


    Relates the assessment of the state of a damaged chapel made by 'a number of mechanics (chiefly members of our Society)' (203).




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Section: Miscellaneous Communications

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 243–46.

On Education  [6/12]

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X Y Y, X
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Genre:

Essay, Serial

Subjects:

Education, Reading, Piety, Biblical Authority, Physical Geography, Illustration, Infidelity


    The writer describes his or her own educational practice in teaching children on Sundays. Observes that '[i]n order to enliven the conception of the important events recorded in the sacred annals, as well as to impress them on the memory, it will be found useful to refer to Plates illustrative of these interesting facts, and also to Maps for the purpose of designating the geographical situation of the places in which they occurred' (243). Warns that, while children should be instructed 'in every branch of christian science', the 'pride of understanding, and an overweening confidence in its own powers, have perhaps done more than the direct machinations of infidelity, to lead the mind of man astray from the direct path of evangelical truth, and finally to involve it in the mazes of sceptical delusion and perplexity' (245).



Section: Review

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 247–58.

[Review of Memoirs of the Wesley Family, by Adam Clarke]

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Anon

Genre:

Review

Publications reviewed:

Clarke 1823 Clarke, Adam 1823. Memoirs of the Wesley Family: Collected Principally from Original Documents, London: J. Kershaw
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Subjects:

Reading, Amusement, Piety, Education, Causation, Providence, Theology of Nature, Creation, Light, Supernaturalism, Magic, Superstition, Materialism, Observation, Biblical Authority, Immaterialism


    Discusses the considerable value of church history and Christian biography to readers, observing that 'the curiosity which exists, in every intelligent mind, to trace effects to their causes, by obtaining an acquaintance with that chain of providential dispensations which has led, from apparently inconsiderable commencements, to results the most momentous, is a principle that deserves encouragement', partly 'because it stengthens the habit of close and investigating observation of the works and ways of God' (247). Asserts that from the 'anarchy and tumult' of the Civil War and the irreligion and immorality of the Restoration 'arose that principle, which, like the light diffused in the beginning over the chaotic mass, reduced opposing enemies to order, and displayed the power and glory of him who is not only the Great Architect of Nature, but also the Almighty Builder of his Church' (248). Relates (in a lengthy extract) the experience of Samuel Wesley Wesley, Samuel, the elder (1662–1735) ODNB
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of what he deemed to be a supernatural phenomenon in his house. Quotes Adam Clarke's Clarke, Adam (1762?–1832) ODNB
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response to Joseph Priestley's Priestley, Joseph (1733–1804) DSB
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observations on the subject, in which Clarke criticizes Priestley for rejecting sensory and testimentary evidence for the sake of his materialist creed. Reviews Susanna Wesley's Wesley, Susanna (1669–1743) CBD
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educational practices, reflecting that 'the regulation of the moral powers' is the most important branch of education (256). Contrasts such education with the relative ease of giving 'instruction on the multifarious parts of science' (257).



Section: Missionary Notices, Relating Principally to the Foreign Missions Carried on Under the Direction of the Methodist Conference

Subsection: South-Sea Missions

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 273–74.

Friendly Islands

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract

Publications extracted:

Walter Lawry Lawry, Walter (1793–1859) WBI
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, Sydney Gazette, 3 January 1823 Sydney Gazette (1803–40) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Christianity, Exploration, Natural History, Ethnography, Religion, Race


Subsection: Missions in Southern Africa

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 276–77.

Extract of a Letter from Mr. William Shaw, Dated Graham's Town, South Africa, August 29th, 1823. Caffre Mission

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Letter

Publications extracted:

William Shaw Shaw, William (1798–1872) WBI
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Subjects:

Exploration, Christianity, Ethnography, Religion


^^ Back to the top of this issue

Section: Biography

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 289–95.

Memoir of Mr. Samuel Beavan Beavan, Samuel (1795–1822) WM3/3/5a/1
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: By the Rev. Samuel Lear

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Samuel Lear, Reading
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Genre:

Biography

Subjects:

Exploration, Disease, Medical Practitioners, Medical Treatment, Pharmaceuticals


    Relates Beavan's death of a fever, while attempting to reach a mission station in South Africa. Observes: 'His constitution was not able to bear the privations and hardships inseparable from the mode of travelling in that part of South Africa through which their journey lay' (293). An extracted letter, dated from Beaufort Village, north-east of Cape Town, relates that 'Mr. Hemming wrote by post to the Physician, at Graaf-Reinet, a village one hundred and thirty miles from this, giving the best description he could for the disease, and requesting him to send medicine and advice by return of post. Some medicines were sent accordingly and administered, but without the least effect'. (294)



Section: Miscellaneous Communications

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 312–17.

An Account of Some Early Protestants and Martyrs in Spain  [1/2]

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Editor Jackson, Thomas (1783–1873) ODNB
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Genre:

Serial—Introduction; Extract, Essay

Publications extracted:

Quarterly Review Quarterly Review (1809–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Christianity, Cultural Geography


    The extract relates of Renaissance Spain that 'the clergy rejoiced in the extirpation of such works, Greek, Latin, or Castillian, as implied the existence of any real science besides school-divinity' (313).



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 317.

Report of the National Vaccine Establishment National Vaccine Establishment
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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract, Letter, Reportage

Subjects:

Vaccination, Epidemiology, Government

People mentioned:

Robert Peel, Peel, Sir Robert, 2nd Baronet (1788–1850) ODNB
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Henry Halford, Halford (formerly Vaughan), Sir Henry (1766–1844) ODNB
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Richard Powell, Powell, Richard (1766–1834) ODNB
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Thomas Young, Young, Thomas (1773–1829) DSB
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Archibald Billing, Billing, Archibald (1791–1881) ODNB
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Jeremiah G Cloves, Cloves, Jeremiah Gladwin (c. 1793–1842) Munk 1878
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Henry Cline, Cline, Henry (1750–1827) ODNB
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Clement Hue Hue, Clement (1779–1861) WBI
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Institutions mentioned:

Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Physicians
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Royal College of Surgeons Royal College of Surgeons
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Section: Review

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 318–21.

[Review of Theological Institutes, Part 2, by Richard Watson]

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Anon

Genre:

Review

Publications reviewed:

Watson 18[23–]29 Watson, Richard 18[23–]29. Theological Institutes; or, A View of the Evidences, Doctrines, Morals and Institutions of Christianity, 3 vols, London: John Mason
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Subjects:

Christianity, Error, Metaphysics, Natural Theology, Infidelity, Biblical Authority, Theology of Nature, Causation, Materialism, Immaterialism, Creation, Gravity, Natural Law, Plenitude, Design, Instinct, Reason, Race, Human Species, Taxonomy, Natural Economy

People mentioned:

Joseph Butler, Butler, Joseph (1692–1752) ODNB
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Daniel Waterland Waterland, Daniel (1683–1740) ODNB
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Publications cited:

Clarke 1705, Clarke, Samuel 1705. A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God: More Particularly in Answer to Mr. Hobbs, Spinoza, and their Followers. Wherein the Notion of Liberty is Stated [...] in Opposition to Necessity and Fate. Being the Substance of Eight Sermons Preach'd at the Cathedral-Church of St. Paul, in the Year 1704, London: James Knapton
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Paley 1802, Paley, William 1802. Natural Theology; or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity: Collected from the Appearances of Nature, [London]: R. Faulder
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Howe 1675 Howe, John 1675. The Living Temple; or, A Designed Improvement of that Notion that a Good Man is the Temple of God, London: John Starkey
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    The reviewer welcomes this second part of the publication, noting that Richard Watson Watson, Richard (1737–1816) DSB
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detects the 'sources of error' on every subject discussed, 'even though shaded by the branches and foliage of false philosophy and metaphysics'. Having established in the first part the authority of the Bible, Watson proceeds in the second part to derive from it such foundational doctrines as 'the Existence of GOD, and the Perfections of his Nature'. The reviewer observes that 'once the fact of GOD's Existence is communicated by his own revelation, it is found to be capable of ample confirmation; and hence, on no subject has argument been more triumphant than on this'. (318) Details Watson's account of the à priori argument. Observes of Samuel Clarke Clarke, Samuel (1675-1729) DSB
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that, 'having discovered, as he thought, by the force of his own wit, what GOD was and must be, in all respects, he rejected the christian doctrine of the Trinity' and quibbled with the Bible. Relates that Watson 'discards the argument à priori, as being both defective and useless, and rests the weight of his cause upon the argument à posteriori'. Describes William Paley Paley, William (1743–1805) DSB
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as 'one of the most perspicuous and powerful reasoners this country has ever produced'. Praises Watson's disquisitions on 'the sceptical philosophy of HUME Hume, David (1711–76) DSB
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, in regard to the connexion between cause and effect' and on 'the immateriality of the human soul, and the spirituality of the divine essence, in opposition to the doctrine of materialism, as espoused by LAWRENCE Lawrence, Sir William, 1st Baronet (1783–1867) ODNB
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, and by the Philosophists of France, from whom LAWRENCE has borrowed his arguments and illustrations'. (319) Gives a lengthy extract on the wisdom of God in creation, which particularly emphasizes the variety of created things. A footnote to the extract quotes [Prichard] 1813 [Prichard, James Cowles] 1813. Researches into the Physical History of Man, London: J. and A. Arch
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in attributing the 'rash hypothesis, that the negro is the connecting link between the white man and the ape' to the 'arbitrary classification of LINNæUS Linnaeus (or von Linné), Carl (1707–78) DSB
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, which associates man and the ape in the same order' (320n). Concludes by praising the first volume of this work, observing: 'There are few modern publications, the value of which we estimate so highly' (321).


See also:

Anon, '[Review of Theological Institutes, Part 1, by Richard Watson]', Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine, 3rd ser. 2 (1823), 309–17


Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 322–28.

[Review of The History of the Propagation of Christianity, by William Brown

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Anon

Genre:

Review

Publications reviewed:

Brown 1823 Brown, William 1823. The History of the Propagation of Christianity among the Heathen since the Reformation, 2nd edn, 2 vols, Edinburgh: A. Fullerton & Co.
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Subjects:

Christianity, Metrology, Statistics, Light, Meteorology


    Identifies a 'fallacy' into which 'men of mere detail inevitably fall' on the subject of missions: 'They judge by weight, and measure, and number, so to speak, concerning things which are no more capable of being so estimated, than the light of morning, or the diffusive warmth of a vernal atmosphere' (324).



Section: Missionary Notices, Relating Principally to the Foreign Missions Carried on Under the Direction of the Methodist Conference

Subsection: Missions in Southern Africa

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 338–40.

Boschuana Mission

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract, Travelogue

Publications extracted:

Thomas L Hodgson Hodgson, Thomas Laidman (1787–1850) WBI
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, Samuel Broadbent Broadbent, Samuel (d. 1865) WBI
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Subjects:

Exploration, Christianity, Physical Geography, Ethnography, Language, Religion, Magic, Race


^^ Back to the top of this issue

Section: Divinity

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 367–73.

Future Rewards and Punishments: The Substance of a Discourse Delivered Before the New-England Conference of Methodist Ministers, at Providence, June 17, 1823: By the Rev. Wilbur Fisk, A.M. (From the American Methodist Magazine)  [3/3]

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Sermon, Serial

Publications extracted:

Wilbur Fisk Fisk, Wilbur (1792–1839) WBI
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, [American] Methodist Magazine Methodist Magazine (1818–28) Methodist Magazine and Quarterly Review (1830–40) Methodist Quarterly Review (1841–84) Methodist Review (1884–1900) BUCOP
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Subjects:

Christianity, Philosophy, Biblical Authority, Reasoning, Natural Theology, Theodicy


    Notes that some have asserted that 'all punishment is disciplinary', that there cannot consequently be eternal punishment, and that salvation will ultimately be universal. Argues that this is 'contrary to the modern, and almost universally received principles of philosophising'. Observes that Francis Bacon (1st Viscount St Alban) Bacon, Francis, 1st Viscount St Alban (1561–1626) DSB ODNB
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and Isaac Newton Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) DSB
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established the practice of tracing facts 'up to first principles', and that this 'system of philosophy' has been applied to moral subjects by Thomas Reid Reid, Thomas (1710–96) ODNB
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and Dugald Stewart, Dugald (1753–1828) ODNB
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Stewart Stewart, Dugald (1753–1828) ODNB
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. 'From these great men we are taught, both by precept and example, to lay aside our own wisdom, the result of speculative reasoning, and calmly to sit at the feet of our great Teacher, the GOD of Nature, and the GOD of Grace; there to learn, from the principles made known in his works and word, the righteous laws by which he governs the physical and moral world'. (367) Argues that we would have been 'entirely ignorant' of divine punishment without revelation, but that revelation cannot be gainsayed by any amount of reasoning concerning the character of God (368). Suggests that any argument from the character of God against eternal punishment would apply to the existence of suffering generally, and that belief in either is dependent on God having 'declared it necessary by his word or works', rather than on reasoning (370).



Section: Miscellaneous Communications

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 377–83.

The Wesleyan Methodist. (No. XVI.) Tables, Exhibiting the State and Progress of Methodism in Great Britain, Considered in Relation to the Whole Population; with Observations, Explanatory, and Practical. By the Rev. A. G. Jewitt

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A G Jewitt, Horncastle Jewitt, Arthur G (fl. 1816–28) Methodist Ministers
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Genre:

Regular Feature—Letter; Table

Subjects:

Statistics, Christianity, Population


Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 385.

A Caution Against Depending on Hearsay Evidence in Matters Affecting the Character of Others

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E M B B, E M
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Observation, Error, Demonstration, Mathematics, Education


    Urges 'Scepticism', or more precisely 'a suspension of belief in cases where Benevolence would wish such a suspension'. Observes: 'What leads me to request [...] the cultivation of a taste for evidence, is, that I find many, who are neither ill-tempered nor malicious, but who appear to credit any story [...] with as full satisfaction as a young student does a problem in EUCLID Euclid (fl. 295 BC) DSB
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, which he has traced to its demonstration'.



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 400–02.

Select List of Books Recently Published, Chiefly Religious: With Occasional Characteristic Notices

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Review

Publications reviewed:

[Conder] 1825–29 [Conder, Josiah] 1825–29. The Modern Traveller: A Popular Description, Geographical, Historical, and Topographical, of the Various Countries of the Globe, 30 vols, London: James Duncan; Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Glasgow: M. Ogle; Dublin: R. M. Tims
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Subjects:

Travel, Physical Geography, Education


^^ Back to the top of this issue

Section: Miscellaneous Communications

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 456–58.

Observations on Prognostications of the Weather: By the Rev. Adam Clarke, LL.D., F.A.S.

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Adam Clarke Clarke, Adam (1762?–1832) ODNB
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Genre:

Letter; Extract, Table

Subjects:

Meteorology, Prognostication, Agriculture, Astronomy, Animal Behaviour, Discovery, Piety, Instruments

People mentioned:

William Rogerson, Rogerson, William (1797–1853) WBI
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Robert White White, Robert (1694–1773) WBI
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Publications cited:

Nautical Almanac, Nautical Almanac (1766–1900+) Waterloo Directory
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Coelestial Atlas, Coelestial Atlas (1750–1850) Waterloo Directory
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Temporis Calendarium Temporis Calendarium (1824–51) Waterloo Directory
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    Clarke relates his early experience of meteorological prognostication as a child brought up on a farm. He observes: 'I believe Meteorology is a natural science, and one of the first that is studied; and that every child in the country makes, untaught, some progress in it' (456). Introduces a table, based on one which was 'variously published' about twenty years before, 'purporting to be the work of the late DR. HERSCHEL Herschel, Sir William (1738–1822) DSB ODNB
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', containing lunar prognosticators of the weather. Reflects: 'I have often been led to glorify GOD for the principle on which the Table is constructed'. (457) Introduces an expanded version of a poem by Erasmus Darwin Darwin, Erasmus (1731–1802) DSB
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which includes 'most of the signs of approaching ill-weather'.



Section: Religious Intelligence

Subsection: Religious Anniversaries Lately Held in London

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 478–79.

7. British and Foreign School Society
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View full article text

Anon

Genre:

Reportage

Subjects:

Education, Class, Mathematics


    Quotes the speech of Thomas F Buxton Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, 1st Baronet (1786–1845) ODNB
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at the society's anniversary meeting, relating an anecdote of a 'gentleman, who always told him that there were three things detrimental to the poor, and that those three things were—reading, writing, and arithmetic'. The man's bailiff kept accounts using peas, beans, and corn arranged in a chest of drawers: 'all went on right enough, and his fame as a calculator flourished; but alas! on one unlucky day, a rat got into the books, and made desperate havoc with the cash accounts, memorandums, and balance sheets of our accountant, and the fine fabric of horse-bean mathematics became deposited in the belly of the rat' (479).



Section: Poetry

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 503–04.

The Butterfly. (From "Poetic Vigils"; By Bernard Barton: London, 1824)

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Poetry

Publications extracted:

Barton 1824 Barton, Bernard 1824. Poetic Vigils, London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy
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Subjects:

Theology of Nature, Piety, Feeling, Providence


    The butterfly leads the poet to pious thoughts. Observes: 'For unto him whose spirit reads / Creation with a Christian's eye, / Each happy living creature pleads / The cause of Him who reigns on high'. Contrasts the feeling of divine care derived from contemplation of nature with the sense imparted by 'rhetoric's frigid powers'. (503) Draws an analogy between the caterpillar's metamorphosis into a butterfly and the metamorphosis of mortal humans into immortal spirits.



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Section: Miscellaneous Communications

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 528–31.

Account of Thomas Hobbes Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679) DSB
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P P
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Genre:

Introduction; Extract

Publications extracted:

Kennett 1708 Kennett, White 1708. A Sermon Preach'd at the Funeral of [...] William Duke of Devonshire [...] Septemb. 5th. 1707. With Some Memoirs of the Family of Cavendish, London: John Churchill
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Subjects:

Infidelity, Scientific Practitioners, Piety, Biblical Authority


Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 531.

On the Majesty of God

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T Johnston, Portsmouth
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Genre:

Miscellaneous

Subjects:

Piety, Wonder, Extra-Terrestrial Life


    Asserts the difficulty of gaining an adequate sense of the majesty of God. Suggests that the reader reflect on the increasing sense of solemnity in addressing larger and larger audiences, even 'the inhabitants of every globe, or the whole universe of intelligent existence'. Observes that God is in such a position.



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 532.

Hints on the Influence of Parental Conversation and Example

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Philonepios Philonepios
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Genre:

Letter

Subjects:

Scientific Practitioners


    Observes: 'I remember DR. FRANKLIN Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90) DSB
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observes, he could never recollect what he had for dinner, an hour after; which indifference he ascribes to a laudable custom, in his parents, of never either praising or finding fault with the dishes at their table'.



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 539–40.

Geological Confirmations of the Universal Deluge. (From Dick's "Christian Philosopher": pp. 224–227)

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Anon

Genre:

Extract

Publications extracted:

Dick 1823 Dick, Thomas 1823. The Christian Philosopher; or, The Connection of Science and Philosophy with Religion, Glasgow: William Collins; London: Whittaker & Co.
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Subjects:

Geology, Palaeontology, Biblical Authority, Time

People mentioned:

Georges Cuvier, Cuvier, Georges (1769–1832) DSB
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James Parkinson, Parkinson, James (1755–1822) DSB
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Horace B de Saussure, Saussure, Horace Bénédict de (1740–99) DSB
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James Townsend, Townsend, James (1739–1816) DSB
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Alexander von Humboldt Humboldt, Alexander von (Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von) (1769–1859) DSB
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    Amasses evidence to support the conclusion that 'the researches of Geology confirm the fact of a Universal Deluge, and thus afford a sensible proof of the credibility of the Sacred Historian, and, consequently, of the truth of the doctrines of Divine Revelation' (540).



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 540.

Select Sentences. (From "Contemplations, Divine and Moral, by Arthur, Lord Capel". London, 1683)

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Anon

Genre:

Extract

Publications extracted:

Capel 1683 Capel, Arthur, Baron 1683. Excellent Contemplations, Divine and Moral. Written by [...] Arthur Lord Capel [...]; Together with Some Account of His Life, and His Letters [...] whilst He Was Prisoner in the Tower [...] and His [...] Last Speech at His Suffering, March 9. 1648. With His Pious Advice to His Sone the Late Earl of Essex, London: Nath. Crouch
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Subjects:

Scientific Practitioners, Education, Endeavour


    'Few there are but do love knowledge: but the reason why there are so few that are knowing is, because the entrance of all arts and sciences is difficult; and though most are delighted with the amiable parts of learning and wisdom in other men, and desire to be like qualified, yet they imitate not their indefatigable industry, by which they ascended to that eminent height'.



Section: Missionary Notices, Relating Principally to the Foreign Missions Carried on Under the Direction of the Methodist Conference

Subsection: South Sea Missions

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 555–58.

Tongataboo  [1/2]Anon, 'Extract from the Journal of Mr. Lawry', Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine, 3rd ser. 3 (1824), 705–07

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Anon

Genre:

Serial—Introduction; Extract, Diary

Publications extracted:

Walter Lawry Lawry, Walter (1793–1859) WBI
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Subjects:

Exploration, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Acclimatization, Ethnography, Religion, War, Disease, Race


    The introduction relates of the mission station: 'A large piece of ground has been fenced in, and a garden brought under cultivation; fruit-trees and vegetables from New South Wales have been planted; and cattle, poultry, &c., have been introduced' (555–56). The extract from Walter Lawry's journal records: 'A cough prevails pretty generally among the natives, which they attribute to our coming among them; and it has recently been proposed, as a remedy for the complaint, to murder us and share out our property' (557).



Subsection: Missions in Southern Africa

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 558–59.

Khamies-Berg.—Extract of a Letter from Mr. Archbell, Dated Oct. 2d, 1823

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Letter

Publications extracted:

James Archbell Archbell, James (1798–1866) WBI
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Subjects:

Exploration, Agriculture


    Relates that they have 'sown seventy-five muds of corn, barley, &c., and made many alterations as to the extent of the gardens', so that they can feed the people of Khamies-Berg all year round where they can be instructed.



Section: Poetry

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 576.

Hymn, Composed for the Opening of Brunswick Chapel, Macclesfield, May 30th, 1824: By the Rev. Isaac Keeling

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Poetry

Publications extracted:

Isaac Keeling Keeling, Isaac (1789–1869) WBI
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Subjects:

Piety, Wonder, Theology of NatureTT


    The first stanza enquires: 'Will GOD indeed to earth descend, / In temples made with hands to dwell? / Lo! round, above, the heavens extend; / Can science their dimensions tell? / Their viewless bounds we seek in vain; / Yet, can the heavens our GOD contain?'. Subsequent stanzas contrast the infinitude of God with the doctrine of incarnation.



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Section: Divinity

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 586–602.

The Truth, by Which God Shows His Willingness that all Men Should be Saved: A Discourse in Behalf of the Wesleyan Missions, Preached at Great Queen-Street, Lincoln's Inn-Fields, London, May 2, 1824. By the Rev. Adam Clarke, L.L.D., F.A.S.

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Rev. Adam Clarke, L.L.D., F.A.S. Clarke, Adam (1762?–1832) ODNB
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Genre:

Discourse

Subjects:

Creation, Human Species, Race, Ethnology, Natural Theology, Biblical Authority


    Bases the claim that God 'wills that all men should be saved' on the principle that he created 'of one flesh and blood all the nations of men, to dwell on the face of the whole earth'. Asserts: 'None were created but ADAM and EVE: all the rest came by natural generation from those two'. (588) Declares that the Bible 'contains the only system of pure Theology;—the only rational account of the Being and Perfections of GOD' (589).



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 603.

On the Danger of Speculation in Religion. (From "Letters and Papers of the Late Rev. Thomas Scott, Never before Published:" London, 1824, pp. 136–138)

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Anon

Genre:

Extract

Publications extracted:

Scott 1824 Scott, Thomas 1824. Letters and Papers of the Late Rev. Thomas Scott; Never Before Published: With Occasional Observations by John Scott, London: L.B. Seeley
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Subjects:

Philosophy, Infidelity, Natural Theology, Biblical Authority


    Notes the tendency of questions relating to things 'absolutely beyond the limits of human knowledge' to 'produce first a curious and then a sceptical spirit' causing many to 'speculate themselves into infidelity'. Asserts: 'Mysteries could never have been known if not revealed, and can be understood no further than revealed'.



Section: Obituary (Extracted from the Minutes of the Late Conference)

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 645.

Henry Taft, M.D. Taft, Henry (1772/3–1824) WM3/3/9b/3
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Anon

Genre:

Obituary

Subjects:

Medical Practitioners, Christianity


    Relates that he 'relinquished an extensive and lucrative practice of medicine, for which he had been regularly educated' to become a Methodist minister. Observes that he was 'unwearied in his efforts to do good, both to the bodies and souls of men'.



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Section: Review

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 687–92.

[Review of The Religious Instruction of the Slaves in the West India Colonies Advocated and Defended, by Richard Watson]

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Anon

Genre:

Review

Publications reviewed:

Watson 1824 Watson, Richard 1824. The Religious Instruction of the Slaves in the West India Colonies, Advocated and Defended: A Sermon Preached Before the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society in the New Chapel, City Road, London, April 28, 1824, London: Butterworth and Son
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Subjects:

Human Species, Ethnology, Race, Plenitude, Biblical Authority, Christianity, Exploration, Observation, Progress, Phrenology, Physiognomy, Education


    Pondering the biblical injunction to 'Honour all men' (1 Pet. 2. 17), Richard Watson Watson, Richard (1737–1816) DSB
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observes: 'But here brutal ignorance and affected philosophy agree to ask the question, "Who are MEN?" intimating, that, if the benevolent principles just laid down are not to be disputed, the application of them must be narrowed; and that, as to various tribes which bear the human form [...] it is doubted whether they have this claim to brotherhood, because it is doubted whether they have any title to humanity' (687). Watson refers to the theory of a 'petty philosophy' that 'the gradations of animated nature are gentle, and almost imperceptible; and, not content that the ape and baboon should fill up the chasm which exists between the quadruped and man, an intermediate link must be invented; and thus the coloured skin and the peculiar visage of the Negro and the Hottentot are placed against their title to humanity'. He avers that the theory has been refuted by the 'facts' of religious conversion gathered by missionary societies—this demonstrating the humanity of all races—and concludes: 'Thus have Missionary operations not only enlarged the sphere of benevolence, but extended the vision of a hoodwinked philosophy'. (688) Watson observes that some consider 'the Negro' to be 'so degenerate a variety of the human species as to defy all cultivation of mind and all correction of morals'. Among these are 'our minute philosophers, who take the gauge of intellectual capacity from the disposition of the bones of the head, and link morality with the contour of the countenance'. (689) Watson traces the history of 'the Negro tribes' to ancient Egypt, situating Africa's 'heraldry of science' there, and urging that there is a 'close resemblance to Negro feature' in ancient Egyptian statuary (689–90). He points also to the possible 'cultivation' of the race as seen 'in the persons of African Negroes, generals, physicians, philosophers, linguists, poets, mathematicians, and merchants, all eminent in their attainments' (690).



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 692–93.

Select List of Books Recently Published, Chiefly Religious: With Occasional Characteristic Notices

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature, Review

Publications reviewed:

Anon 1823b Anon. 1823b. Choice Pleasures for Youth: Recommended in a Series of Letters from a Father to his Son, London: W. Baynes and Son
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Subjects:

Education, Amusement


    One of the six letters in the reviewed book is on 'The Pleasures which arise from the Study of Nature'.



Section: Varieties

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 701–02.

The Coral Insect

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Universal Review Universal Review; or, Chronicle of the Literature of All Nations (1824–25) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Invertebrate Zoology, Wonder, Theology of Nature, Natural Economy, Design, Anthropocentrism, Vulcanology, Geology, Natural Law, Miracle, Climatology, Meteorology, Chemistry, Palaeontology


    Relates the process of island formation by 'coral insects', observing that these are amongst the 'wonders' of God, by which he forwards 'His ends of benevolence'. Asserts that 'man' inclines to despise 'myriads of beings equally insignificant in appearance, because he has not yet discovered the great offices which they hold, the duties which they fulfil, in the great order of Nature'. Describes the formation of islands by earthquakes and volcanoes, contrasting the 'silent and unmarked labours of working myriads [of corallines], operating by an universal and long-ordained law' with 'the sudden, the momentary, effort of a power, which, from the rarity of its exertion, seems to be especially among the miraculous interpositions of the CREATOR'. Describes the importance of equatorial mountains in providing climatic zones, and as 'the great hydraulic engine by which the clouds are collected to fertilize the earth'. (701) Observes that human chemistry cannot explain the operation of corallines in the production of the 'calcareous earth' which has ultimately formed 'the chalk and limestone of our own England'. (702)



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 702.

Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley (1781–1826) DSB
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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract, Travelogue

Publications extracted:

Thomas S B Raffles Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley (1781–1826) DSB
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Subjects:

Exploration, Accidents, Piety, Collecting, Illustration, Zoology, Botany, Natural Imperialism

People mentioned:

Joseph Arnold, Arnold, Joseph (1782–1818) ODNB
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William Jack Jack, William (1795–1822) ODNB
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    Introduces Raffles' account of a fire destroying the ship on which he had embarked from Sumatra, and of the loss of all his papers and collections. Raffles reports: 'there was scarce an unknown animal, bird, beast, or fish, or an interesting plant, which we had not on board. [...] We were, in short, in this respect, a perfect NOAH'S Ark'.



Section: Missionary Notices, Relating Principally to the Foreign Missions Carried on Under the Direction of the Methodist Conference

Subsection: South India Missions

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 703–04.

Extract from the Journal of Mr. Hoole  [3/3]

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Diary, Serial

Publications extracted:

Elijah Hoole Hoole, Elijah (1798–1872) ODNB
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Subjects:

Christianity, Creation, Metaphysics


    Reports a disputation with a Brahmin at the 'great temple of CONJEVERAM', in which he was asked, among other questions: 'Is GOD a Spirit? How then did he create matter? Is the soul GOD or not? Is the soul immortal? Then it is eternal, for what has no end can have no beginning'. Observes: 'Most of them prefer to speculate and converse on such subjects, to having their own state laid open, and GOD's will concerning them pointed out'. (703)



Subsection: South Sea Missions

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 705–07.

Extract from the Journal of Mr. Lawry  [2/2]Anon, 'Tongataboo', Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine, 3rd ser. 3 (1824), 555–58

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Diary, Serial

Publications extracted:

Walter Lawry Lawry, Walter (1793–1859) WBI
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Subjects:

Ethnography, Christianity, Imperialism, Magic, Disease, Epidemiology, Electricity


    Describes some of the religious beliefs of the indigenous population of the Friendly Islands (Tonga). Relates that the first white man in the islands was an escaped convict from Botany Bay, who, when the first missionaries arrived around the turn of the century, told the chiefs 'that they were sent here by the King of England to destroy all the natives in the land, and take possession of the islands for themselves'. He reported that they were doing this by witchcraft, an account 'rendered the more probable by an epidemic disease which then prevailed among them'. (706) Relates the description given by one of the chiefs of a voyage from Tonga to New Zealand and Australia, observing: his account of Sydney, 'above all, the unbounded liberality and kindness of our friends—produced an electrifying effect upon the Chiefs' (707).



Subsection: Missions in Southern Africa

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 712–15.

Boschuana Mission

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract, Letter; Extract, Diary

Publications extracted:

Thomas L Hodgson Hodgson, Thomas Laidman (1787–1850) WBI
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, Samuel Broadbent Broadbent, Samuel (d. 1865) WBI
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Subjects:

Ethnography, Race, Progress, Agriculture, Horticulture, Acclimatization


    Hodgson and Broadbent's extracted letter relates: 'We are happy in stating, that this people appear different from many of the natives of South Africa, with respect to a disposition to improve in civilization. Our example in digging wells was soon followed by several of the people, with equal success. We found them also desirous to possess Indian corn, kidney-beans, pumpkins, &c., which they saw us use in our gardens; and we have the satisfaction of seeing several acres of ground cultivated, and planted with the native corn, water-melons, &c.' (712–13). Hodgson's diary records the anxiety of 'SCHNDEEP Schndeep (Coranna chief, Bechuanaland) (fl. 1824) WM3/3/10ciii/7
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, the Coranna Chief' for one of the missionaries to reside with him, 'promising to remain stationary at a place where we could cultivate gardens, sow corn, &c.' (713).



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Section: Divinity

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 731–37.

Christianity on its Own Basis, and the True Cause of Infidelity: A Sermon; Preached at the Methodist Chapel, Bridge-Street. Bolton Le-Moors: By the Rev. William France  [1/2]William France, 'Christianity on its Own Basis, and the True Cause of Infidelity: A Sermon; Preached at the Methodist Chapel, Bridge-Street. Bolton Le-Moors: By the Rev. William France', Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine, 3rd ser. 3 (1824), 799–806

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Rev. William France France, William (fl. 1802–1850 ) Methodist Ministers
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Genre:

Sermon, Serial

Subjects:

Infidelity, Natural Theology, Reasoning, Christianity, Biblical Authority


    The sermon answers another sermon 'lately published in this town, by one of those who have assumed to themselves the titles of Unitarian and Rational Christians', which attributed the growth of infidelity to the absurdities and persecuting spirit of religious orthodoxy (731). Argues that it is 'perfectly idle to think of converting Infidels by giving up every truth of revelation, which may be deemed contradictory to a pretended natural religion, or to the imaginary perfection of human reason' (732). Determines instead to present Christianity on its own proper foundation in the Bible, arguing that the Bible must 'stand or fall' on the basis of the distinctive doctrines of Christianity, and that the reason for infidelity is not rational, but is rather the 'depraved state of the Heart' (733).



Section: Miscellaneous Communications

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 738–40.

Cure of Gutta Serena

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Jacob Stanley, Bristol Stanley, Jacob (1797–1850) Methodist Ministers
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Genre:

Letter, Introduction; Paper

Subjects:

Disease, Medical Treatment, Pharmaceuticals, Electricity, Serendipity, Discovery, Providence

People mentioned:

Mr Ware, Ware, Mr (eminent oculist, of London) (fl. 1816–23) WM3/3/11b/2
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James C Prichard Prichard, James Cowles (1786–1848) DSB
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Institutions mentioned:

Bristol Infirmary Bristol Infirmary
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Publications cited:

London Medical Repository London Medical, Surgical and Pharmaceutical Repository, Monthly Journal and Review (1814) London Medical Repository, Monthly Journal and Review (1814–28) London Medical and Surgical Journal (1828–37) Waterloo Directory
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    The paper describes the restoration of sight to the author's eye—which was afflicted with 'Gutta Serena'—following the repeated application of large blisters to the spine. The introductory letter relates that the author was persuaded to detail his cure publicly by the requests of 'the brethren assembled in our late Conference held in Leeds' (738).



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 745–51.

Thoughts on the Unsuccessive Existence of the Deity

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D W W, D
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Genre:

Letter / Afterword

Subjects:

Metaphysics, Philosophical Psychology, Biblical Authority, Reasoning, Theology of Nature


    Seeks to argue that God has an '"unsuccessive" existence' (745). Cites John Locke's Locke, John (1632–1704) DSB
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argument that 'it is from the succession of our own thoughts that we obtain the complex idea of duration, or time' (746). The editorial afterword announces that the letter has been inserted as 'an innocent and not uninteresting speculation', warning that on such subjects speculation is the limit of human knowledge (748). The editor replies to a number of the arguments made in the letter.



Section: Missionary Notices, Relating Principally to the Foreign Missions Carried on Under the Direction of the Methodist Conference

Subsection: Missions in Southern Africa

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 775–77.

Boschuana Mission

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract, Letter

Publications extracted:

Samuel Broadbent Broadbent, Samuel (d. 1865) WBI
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Subjects:

Exploration, Christianity, Disease, Providence, Mapping, Physical Geography, Race, Language


    Observes: 'It pleased the LORD, about the end of the old year, to visit us at this station with ophthalmia'. Relates that the 'map of Africa' is 'almost blank in these parts'. (776) Details the tribes in the region.



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 784.

South Sea Missions

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract; Extract

Subjects:

Christianity, Exploration, Discovery, Race, Ethnography, Superstition


    Two extracts relate the discovery of 'new tribes of aborigines' in Moreton Bay, New South Wales.



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Section: Divinity

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 799–806.

Christianity on its Own Basis, and the True Cause of Infidelity: A Sermon; Preached at the Methodist Chapel, Bridge-Street. Bolton Le-Moors: By the Rev. William France  [2/2]William France, 'Christianity on its Own Basis, and the True Cause of Infidelity: A Sermon; Preached at the Methodist Chapel, Bridge-Street. Bolton Le-Moors: By the Rev. William France', Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine, 3rd ser. 3 (1824), 731–37

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Rev. William France France, William (fl. 1802–1850 ) Methodist Ministers
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Genre:

Sermon, Serial

Subjects:

Infidelity, Natural Theology, Reasoning, Christianity, Biblical Authority, Materialism, Geology, Astronomy, Plurality of Worlds


    Argues that the true cause of infidelity lies in the heart, not in 'the want of evidence for the truth of Divine Revelation, or in the difficulties and apparent inconsistencies of its doctrines' (799). Applies this observation to pagan philosophers and to 'those in the present age who prefer the name of Philosopher to that of Christian' (800). Quotes one modern infidel whose creed is: 'There is no GOD but matter; no intelligence equal to that of men; and no man to be compared with myself, for penetration and wisdom' (801). Enquires when infidels will 'cease to impose upon themselves' and 'refute the arguments which are adduced in support of Christianity, in any one of the respectable defences of it which have been published to the world, instead of ransacking the bowels of the earth, with our modern Geologists, to find in the disposition of its strata contradictions to the Mosaic account of its formation, or soaring with our Astronomers into the region of the stars, to discover proofs, in a plurality of worlds and the immensity of GOD's works, against the Scripture doctrine of redemption by the incarnation and death of the SON of GOD' (804).



Section: Miscellaneous Communications

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 808–10.

On the Opportunities which Men of Business Enjoy for Advancing the Cause of Religion in the World

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Amicus Amicus
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Genre:

Essay

Subjects:

Political Economy, Christianity, Commerce, Piety, Manufactories


    Begins: 'The advantages derived to society from the division of labour, have been long known; though no one has, perhaps, illustrated this principle with such a fulness [sic] of evidence, or expanded it in such amplitude of detail, as our celebrated northern Economist, DR. ADAM SMITH Smith, Adam (1723–90) ODNB
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' (808). Argues that the system leads to ill consequences when applied to religion by those of other professions who consider it the duty solely of ministers and missionaries to apply themselves to the propagation of Christianity. Highlights the opportunities merchants have for propagating Christianity. Observes that manufacturers also have the power to do much good, as witnessed by the example of David Dale Dale, David (1739–1806) ODNB
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and Richard Reynolds Reynolds, Richard (1735–1816) ODNB
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. Exhorts pious businessmen to exert themselves in such ways.



Section: Review

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 811–20.

Review of The Bampton Lectures for the Year 1824, by John J Conybeare  [2/2]

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Anon

Genre:

Review, Serial

Publications reviewed:

Conybeare 1824 Conybeare, John Josias 1824. The Bampton Lectures for the Year MDCCCXXIV: Being an Attempt to Trace the History and to Ascertain the Limits of the Secondary and Spiritual Interpretation of Scripture, Oxford: printed for the author
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Subjects:

Biblical Authority, Natural Philosophy, Piety


    Endorses John J Conybeare's Conybeare, John Josias (1779–1824) ODNB
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argument that some 'spiritual' interpretation of the Bible is endorsed by the Bible itself. Follows his survey of allegorical interpretation through the history of the Christian Church, in which he demonstrates that the application of this principle has often been erroneous. Concludes with an extract relating to the 'Hutchinsonian School', in which Conybeare argues that John Hutchinson Hutchinson, John (1674–1737) ODNB
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and his followers were 'pious and ingenious' but 'highly fanciful' in their interpretations. He reports that, unlike many who sought to 'strain and pervert the sacred text' to match their philosophy, the Hutchinsonians sought to correct 'philosophical theories of mere human invention' in accordance with what they believed to be the 'real and original' sense of the Biblical texts. The extract also commends the Hutchinsonians for the excellence of their scholarly endeavours, and for their piety. (820)



Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 821–24.

Select List of Books Recently Published, Chiefly Religious: With Occasional Characteristic Notices

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Anon

Genre:

Regular Feature—Review; Literary Notice

Publications reviewed:

Stanley 1824, Stanley, Jacob 1824. An Original Essay on Memory, London: J. Kershaw
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Foster 1824, Foster, Henry 1824. The Bible Preacher; or, Closet Companion, for Every Day in the Year: Consisting of Three Hundred and Sixty-Five Outlines of Sermons, in a Regular Series, from Genesis to Revelations. Together with Six Complete Sermons [...] Collected and Arranged, with a Memoir of the Author, by the Rev. S. Piggott, London: William Baynes & Son
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[Conder] 1825–29 [Conder, Josiah] 1825–29. The Modern Traveller: A Popular Description, Geographical, Historical, and Topographical, of the Various Countries of the Globe, 30 vols, London: James Duncan; Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Glasgow: M. Ogle; Dublin: R. M. Tims
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Publications noticed:

Harris 1824, Harris, Thaddeus Mason 1824. The Natural History of the Bible; or, A Description of All the Quadrupeds, Birds, Fishes, Reptiles, and Insects, Trees, Plants, Flowers, Gums, and Precious Stones, Mentioned in the Sacred Scriptures: Collected from the Best Authorities, and Alphabetically Arranged, London: T. Tegg
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Time's Telescope (1825) Time's Telescope (1814–34) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Philosophical Psychology, Associationism, Education | Natural History, Biblical Authority | Anatomy, Christianity, Comparative Anatomy, Museums | Physical Geography, Travel, Publishing, Education, Amusement | Naturla History, Horticulture


    The reviewer of Henry Foster's Foster, Henry (1745–1814) WBI
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The Bible Preacher dislikes preachers using such sermon outlines, observing that, 'like the steerage of the wings and tails of birds', arrangement and method 'must grow out of the living body, and will answer no purpose if merely stuck upon it'. Observes of such skeleton sermons: 'We are no adepts in theological anatomy. The differences between skeleton and skeleton, bone and bone, must however be chiefly in the size; and all we can say therefore is, that these skeletons are generally shorter and more slender than those which have of late been wired together, and set up in their respective cases'. Welcomes the first eight parts of Josiah Conder's Conder, Josiah (1789–1855) ODNB
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The Modern Traveller, observing that books of travels in recent years have tended only to be published in expensive editions, and noting that the editor of the work in hand 'proposes to cut down these ponderous tomes [...] and to exhibit in a cheap and elegant miniature edition, in monthly parts, all that is valuable in them'. (823)



Section: Religious Intelligence

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 833–43.

Popery in 1824

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Anon

Genre:

Introduction; Extract

Publications extracted:

Pope Leo XII
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Subjects:

Christianity, Infidelity, Scientific Naturalism


    The extracted papal encyclical criticizes '[a] certain sect, which undoubtedly is not unknown to you, improperly arrogating to itself the title of PHILOSOPHY', which has argued for religious toleration and 'Indifferentism' (836). In a note, the editor takes this to refer to 'Protestants in their different denominations', and considers that the use of the word philosophy is an attempt to put 'all the religious non-Catholic Bodies on the level of the pretendedly philosophical Infidels, and revolutionists of Europe' (837n). The encyclical asserts that the 'Indifferentism' has gone so far as to include even those societies which 'after having rejected Divine Revelation, make an open profession of pure Deism, nay, of mere Naturalism'. Enquires: 'But will it ever be possible for any man, who makes a right use of his reason, to approve of a Toleration which extends itself to Deism, and even to Naturalism'? (837)



Section: Varieties

Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine,  3rd ser. 3 (1824), 844–46.

The Colossal Ray or Skate

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Anon

Genre:

Extract, Miscellaneous

Publications extracted:

Edinburgh Philosophical Journal Edinburgh Philosophical Journal (1819–26) Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal (1826–64) Waterloo Directory
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Subjects:

Zoology, Wonder, Exploration, Hunting, Anatomy, Collecting

People mentioned:

Jean B Labat, Labat, Jean Baptiste (1663–1738) WBI
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Joseph Banks, Banks, Sir Joseph (1743–1820) DSB ODNB
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Mr Mitchell, Mitchell, Mr (of New York) (fl. 1824) WM3/3/12e/6
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Lieut. Lamont Lamont, Lieut (of the 91st Regiment) (fl. 1824) WM3/3/12e/6
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Institutions mentioned:

New York Lyceum of Natural History New York Lyceum of Natural History
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